Publications

Barnhart S, Shimizu-Albergine M, Kedar E, Kothari V, Shao B, Krueger M, Hsu CC, Tang J, Kanter JE, Kramer F, Djukovic D, Pascua V, Loo YM, Colonna L, Van den Bogaerde SJ, An J, Gale M Jr, Reue K, Fisher EA, Gharib SA, Elkon KB, Bornfeldt KE. Type I IFN induces long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 to generate a phosphatidic acid reservoir for lipotoxic saturated fatty acids. J Lipid Res. 2025 Jan;66(1):100730. doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100730. PMID: 39675509 PMCID: PMC11786746.

Genoyer E, Wilson J, Ames JM, Stokes C, Moreno D, Etzyon N, Oberst A, Gale M Jr.  Exposure of negative-sense viral RNA in the cytoplasm initiates innate immunity to West Nile virus. Mol Cell. 2025 Mar 20;85(6):1147-1161 e9. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.01.015. PMID: 39919747.

Hajari N, Knoll M, Lu A, Barber-Axthelm I, Gale M Jr. The Zika virus NS5 protein binds HSP90 to suppress EGF-induced Akt signaling and trophoblast cell migration. Virology. 2025 Feb;603:110370. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110370. PMID: 39765020 PMCID: PMC11832110.

Ulloa BS, Barber-Axthelm I, Berube B, Duthie M, Reed S, Savan R, Gale M Jr. Synthetic RIG-I-Agonist RNA Induces Death of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2025 Apr;45(4):119-132. doi: 10.1089/jir.2024.0195. PMID: 39945619.

Porter MK, Viloria Winnett A, Hao L, Shelby N, Reyes JA, Schlenker NW, Romano AE, Tognazzini C, Feaster M, Goh YY, Gale M Jr, Ismagilov RF. The ratio between SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load and culturable viral titre differs depending on the stage of infection: A case study of household transmission in an adult male. Access Microbiol. 2025;7(2). doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000732.v3. PMID: 39967741 PMCID: PMC11833051.

Tisoncik-Go J, Lewis TB, Whitmore LS, Voss K, Niemeyer S, Dai J, Kim P, Hubbell K, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Wangari S, Murnane R, Edlefsen PT, Guerriero KA, Gale M Jr, Fuller DH, O’Connor MA. Persistent innate immune dysfunction and ZIKV replication in the gastrointestinal tract during SIV infection in pigtail macaques. Front Immunol. 2025;16: 1535807.  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1535807. PMID: 40103823 PMCID: PMC11913663.

Iqbal NT, Sawatzki K, Ahmed K, Tisoncik-Go J, Smith E, Voss K, Cornelius J, Wang L, Spaulding AB, Serebryannyy L, Douek DC, Syed MA, Mahmood SF, Khan E, Van Voorhis WC, Gale M Jr. Metagenomic investigation of febrile illness in Pakistan reveals global transmission and co-circulation of Zika and Dengue viruses. medRxiv. 2025 Mar 13. [ Advance Online Publication]  doi: 10.1101/2025.03.10.25322803. PMID: 40568670 PMCID: PMC12191109. 

Peluso MJ, Sandel DA, Deitchman AN, Kim SJ, Dalhuisen T, Tummala HP, Tiburcio R, Zemelko L, Borgo GM, Singh SS, Schwartz K, Deswal M, Williams MC, Hoh R, Shimoda M, Narpala S, Serebryannyy L, Khalili M, Vendrame E, SenGupta D, Whitmore LS, Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M Jr, Koup RA, Mullins JI, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Reeves JD, Petropoulos CJ, Glidden DV, Spitzer MH, Gama L, Caskey M, Nussenzweig MC, Chew KW, Henrich TJ, Yukl SA, Cohn LB, Deeks SG, Rutishauser RL. Combination immunotherapy induces post-intervention control of HIV. Res Sq. 2025 Mar 19. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6141479/v1. PMID: 40166020 PMCID: PMC11957202.

Fredericks MN, Kolodner Z, Waalkes A, Sawatzki K, Hao L, Long DR, Penewit K, Midkiff CC, McCormick CJ, Beraki S, Edlefsen PT, Barrow J, Greninger AL, Gale M Jr, Blair RV, Salipante SJ, Fuller DH, O'Connor MA.  SIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in rhesus macaques impacts viral shedding, host immunity, the microbiome, and viral evolution. Res Sq. 2025 Mar 26. [ Advance Online Publication ] doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6033850/v1. PMID: 40195984 PMCID: PMC11975012.

Beavis AC, Li Z, Briggs K, Gingerich MC, Wrobel ER, Najera M, An D, Orr-Burks N, Murray J, Patil P, Huang J, Mousa J, Hao L, Hsiang TY, Gale M Jr, Harvey SB, Tompkins SM, Hogan RJ, Lafontaine ER, Jin H, He B. Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine as a single dose primer and booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Virol. 2025 Apr 15;99(4):e0198924. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01989-24. PMID: 40116505 PMCID: PMC11998504. 

Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M Jr. Enhanced antiviral innate immunity supports the bat reservoir of Marburg virus. Nat Immunol. 2025 Jun;26(6):812-3. doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02170-2. PubMed PMID: 40399610.

Stokes C, Whitmore LS, Moreno D, Malhotra K, Tisoncik-Go J, Tran E, Wren N, Glass IA, Birth Defects Research L, Young JE, Gale M Jr. The human neural cell atlas of Zika virus infection in developing brain tissue. Cell Rep Med. 2025 Jun 17;6(6):102189. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102189. PubMed PMID: 40532660.

Whitmore LS, Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M Jr. scPathoQuant: a tool for efficient alignment and quantification of pathogen sequence reads from 10× single cell sequencing datasets. Bioinformatics. 2024 Mar 29;40(4). doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae145. PMID: 38478395 PMCID: PMC10990681. 

Tisoncik-Go J, Stokes C, Whitmore LS, Newhouse DJ, Voss K, Gustin A, Sung CJ, Smith E, Stencel-Baerenwald J, Parker E, Snyder JM, Shaw DW, Rajagopal L, Kapur RP, Adams Waldorf KM, Gale M Jr. Disruption of myelin structure and oligodendrocyte maturation in a macaque model of congenital Zika infection. Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 18;15(1):5173. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49524-2. PMID: 38890352 PMCID: PMC11189406. 

Malouli D, Tiwary M, Gilbride RM, Morrow DW, Hughes CM, Selseth A, Penney T, Castanha P, Wallace M, Yeung Y, Midgett M, Williams C, Reed J, Yu Y, Gao L, Yun G, Treaster L, Laughlin A, Lundy J, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Aye PP, Schiro F, Dufour JP, Papen CR, Taher H, Picker LJ, Früh K, Gale M Jr, Maness NJ, Hansen SG, Barratt-Boyes S, Reed DS, Sacha JB. Cytomegalovirus vaccine vector-induced effector memory CD4+T cells protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal aerosolized heterologous avian influenza challenge. Nat Commun. 2024 July 19;15(1):6007. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50345-6. PMID: 39030218 PMCID: PMC11272155. 

Sung CJ, Whitmore LS, Smith E, Chang J, Tisoncik-Go J, Barber-Axthelm A, Selseth A, Feltham S, Ojha S, Hansen SG, Picker LJ, Gale M Jr. Functional genomic analysis of the 68-1 RhCMV-Mycobacteria tuberculosis vaccine reveals an IL-15 response signature that is conserved with vector attenuation. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1460344. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1460344. PMID: 39474415 PMCID: PMC11518738. 

Tisoncik-Go J, Lewis TB, Whitmore LS, Voss K, Niemeyer S, Dai J, Kim P, Hubbell K, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Wangari S, Murnane R, Edlefsen PT, Guerriero KA, Gale M Jr, Fuller DH, O'Connor MA. Chronic innate immune impairment and ZIKV persistence in the gastrointestinal tract during SIV infection in pigtail macaques. bioRxiv. 2024 Aug 23. Epub 20240823. doi: 10.1101/2024.08.23.609309. PubMed PMID: 39229223; PMCID: PMC11370579.

Rosen, BC, Sawatzki K, Ricciardi MJ, Smith E, Golez I, Mauter JT, Pedreño-López N, Yrizarry-Medina A, Weisgrau KL, Vosler LJ, Voigt TB, Louw JJ, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Panayiotou C, Ghosh N, Furlott JR, Parks CL, Desrosiers RC, Lifson JD, Rakasz EG, Watkins DI, Gale M Jr. Acute-phase innate immune responses in SIVmac239-infected Mamu-B*08+ Indian rhesus macaques may contribute to the establishment of elite control. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1478063. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1478063. PMID: 39502699 PMCID: PMC11534762. 

Fritsch H, Giovanetti M, Clemente LG, da Rocha Fernandes G, Fonseca V, de Lima MM, Falcão M, de Jesus N, de Cerqueira EM, da Venâncio Cunha R, de Oliveira Francisco MVL, de Siqueira IC, de Oliveira C, Xavier J, Ferreira JGG, Queiroz FR, Smith E, Tisoncik-Go J, Van Voorhis WC, Rabinowitz PM, Wasserheit JN, Gale M Jr, de Filippis AMB, Alcantara LCJ.  Unraveling the Complexity of Chikungunya Virus Infection Immunological and Genetic Insights in Acute and Chronic Patients. Genes (Basel). 2024 Oct 24;15(11). doi: 10.3390/genes15111365. PMID: 39596565 PMCID: PMC11593632. 

Brochu HN, Smith E, Jeong S, Carlson M, Hansen SG, Tisoncik-Go J, Law L, Picker LJ, Gale M Jr, Peng X.  Pre-challenge gut microbial signature predicts RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy in rhesus macaques. Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Nov 5;12(11): e0128524. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01285-24. PMID: 39345211 PMCID: PMC11537114. 

Gokhale NS, Sam RK, Somfleth K, Thompson MG, Marciniak DM, Smith JR, Genoyer E, Eggenberger J, Chu LH, Park M, Dvorkin S, Oberst A, Horner SM, Ong SE, Gale M Jr, Savan R. Cellular RNA interacts with MAVS to promote antiviral signaling. Science. 2024 Dec 20;386(6728):eadl0429. doi: 10.1126/science.adl0429. PMID: 39700280.

Jiyarom B, Giannakopoulos S, Strange DP, Panova N, Gale M Jr, Verma S. RIG-I and MDA5 are modulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP6) and are essential for restricting Zika virus infection in human Sertoli cells. Front Microbiol. 2023 Jan 12;13:1062499. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062499. PMID: 36713156; PMCID: PMC9878278.

Hao L, Hsiang TY, Dalmat RR, Ireton R, Morton JF, Stokes C, Netland J, Hale M, Thouvenel C, Wald A, Franko NM, Huden K, Chu HY, Sigal A, Greninger AL, Tilles S, Barrett LK, Van Voorhis WC, Munt J, Scobey T, Baric RS, Rawlings DJ, Pepper M, Drain PK, Gale M Jr. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron. Viruses. 2023 Feb 14;15(2). Epub 20230214. doi: 10.3390/v15020530. PubMed PMID: 36851745; PMCID: PMC9965505.

Drain PK, Dalmat RR, Hao L, Bemer MJ, Budiawan E, Morton JF, Ireton RC, Hsiang TY, Marfatia Z, Prabhu R, Woosley C, Gichamo A, Rechkina E, Hamilton D, Montaño M, Cantera JL, Ball AS, Golez I, Smith E, Greninger AL, McElrath MJ, Thompson M, Grant BD, Meisner A, Gottlieb GS, Gale MJ. Duration of viral infectiousness and correlation with symptoms and diagnostic testing in non-hospitalized adults during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal cohort study. J Clin Virol. 2023 Mar 3;161:105420. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105420. PMID: 36913789; PMCID: PMC9981266.

Picker LJ, Lifson JD, Gale M Jr, Hansen SG, Früh K. Programming cytomegalovirus as an HIV vaccine. Trends Immunol. 2023 Mar 7;44(4):287-304. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2023.02.001. PMID: 36894436.

Lin SJ, Lin KM, Chen SJ, Ku CC, Huang CW, Huang CH, Gale M Jr, Tsai CH. Type I Interferon Orchestrates Demand-Adapted Monopoiesis during Influenza A Virus Infection via STAT1-Mediated Upregulation of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Expression. J Virol. 2023 Apr 6;97(4):e0010223. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00102-23. PMID: 37022164.

Hemann EA, Knoll ML, Wilkins CR, Subra C, Green R, García-Sastre A, Thomas PG, Trautmann L, Ireton RC, Loo YM, Gale M. A Small Molecule RIG-I Agonist Serves as an Adjuvant to Induce Broad Multifaceted Influenza Virus Vaccine Immunity. J Immunol. 2023 May 1;210(9):1247-1256. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300026. PMID: 36939421.

Phan JM, Layton ED, Yu KKQ, Aguilar MS, Golez I, Franko NM, Logue JK, Rodda LB, Howard CA, Pepper M, Gale M, Chu HY, Seshadri C. Cytotoxic T Cells Targeting Spike Glycoprotein Are Associated with Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2. J Immunol. 2023 May 1;210(9):1236-1246. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200815. PMID: 36961450; PMCID: PMC10121904.

Tu YP, Green C, Hao L, Greninger AL, Morton JF, Sights HA, Gale M Jr, Drain PK. COVID-19 Antigen Results Correlate with the Quantity of Replication-Competent SARS-CoV-2 in a Cross-Sectional Study of Ambulatory Adults during the Delta Wave. Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Apr 25;11(3):e0006423. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00064-23. PMID: 37097146.

Davis MA, Gale M Jr. Assessing Cytoskeletal Destruction During Pyroptosis.Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2641:179-188. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3040-2_15. PMID: 37074651.

Amy Y. Lu, Andrew Gustin, Daniel Newhouse, Gale M Jr. Viral protein accumulation of Zika virus variants links with regulation of innate immunity for differential control of viral replication, spread, and response to interferon. J Virology.

LaPointe A, Gale M Jr, Kell AM. Orthohantavirus Replication in the Context of Innate Immunity. Viruses. 2023 May 9;15(5):1130. doi: 10.3390/v15051130. PMID: 37243216; PMCID: PMC10220641.

Laine A, Wang X, Ni K, Smith SEB, Najjar R, Whitmore LS, Yacoub M, Bays A, Gale M Jr, Mustelin T. Expression of Envelope Protein Encoded by Endogenous Retrovirus K102 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Neutrophils. Microorganisms. 2023 May 17;11(5):1310. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11051310. PMID: 37317284; PMCID: PMC10223813.

Savan R, Gale M Jr. Innate immunity and interferon in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. Immunity. 2023 Jul 11;56(7):1443-1450. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.018. PMID: 37437537; PMCID: PMC10361255.

Hedskog C, Rodriguez L, Roychoudhury P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Hao L, Ireton RC, Li J, Perry JK, Han D, Camus G, Greninger AL, Gale M, Porter DP. Viral Resistance Analyses From the Remdesivir Phase 3 Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-1 (ACTT-1). J Infect Dis. 2023 Jul 19;228(9):1263-1273. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad270. PMID: 37466213.

Xavier J, Alcantara LCJ, Fonseca V, Lima M, Castro E, Fritsch H, Oliveira C, Guimarães N, Adelino T, Evaristo M, Rodrigues ES, Santos EV, de La-Roque D, de Moraes L, Tosta S, Neto A, Rosewell A, Mendonça AF, Leite A, Vasconcelos A, Silva de Mello AL, Vasconcelos B, Montalbano CA, Zanluca C, Freitas C, de Albuquerque CFC, Duarte Dos Santos CN, Santos CS, Dos Santos CA, Gonçalves CCM, Teixeira D, Neto DFL, Cabral D, de Oliveira EC, Noia Maciel EL, Pereira FM, Iani F, de Carvalho FP, Andrade G, Bezerra G, de Castro Lichs GG, Pereira GC, Barroso H, Franz HCF, Ferreira H, Gomes I, Riediger IN, Rodrigues I, de Siqueira IC, Silva J, Rico JM, Lima J, Abrantes J, do Nascimento JPM, Wasserheit JN, Pastor J, de Magalhães JJF, Luz KG, Lima Neto LG, Frutuoso LCV, da Silva LB, Sena L, de Sousa LAF, Pereira LA, Demarchi L, Câmara MCB, Astete MG, Almiron M, Lima M, Umaki Zardin MCS, Presibella MM, Falcão MB, Gale M Jr, Freire N, Marques N, de Moura NFO, Almeida Da Silva PE, Rabinowitz P, da Cunha RV, Trinta KS, do Carmo Said RF, Kato R, Stabeli R, de Jesus R, Hans Santos R, Kashima S, Slavov SN, Andrade T, Rocha T, Carneiro T, Nardy V, da Silva V, Carvalho WG, Van Voorhis WC, Araujo WN, de Filippis AMB, Giovanetti M. Increased interregional virus exchange and nucleotide diversity outline the expansion of chikungunya virus in Brazil. Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 21;14(1):4413. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40099-y. PMID: 37479700; PMCID: PMC10362057.

Tisoncik-Go J, Voss KM, Lewis TB, Muruato AE, Kuller L, Finn EE, Betancourt D, Wangari S, Ahrens J, Iwayama N, Grant RF, Murnane RD, Edlefsen PT, Fuller DH, Barber GN, Gale M Jr, O'Connor MA. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of an rVSV vaccine against Zika virus infection in macaca nemestrina. Front Virol. 2023;3:1108420. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1108420. Epub 2023 Feb 28. PMID: 37383986; PMCID: PMC10306241.

Viox EG, Hoang TN, Upadhyay AA, Nchioua R, Hirschenberger M, Strongin Z, Tharp GK, Pino M, Nguyen K, Harper JL, Gagne M, Marciano S, Boddapati AK, Pellegrini KL, Pradhan A, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Karunakaran KA, Roy M, Kirejczyk S, Curran EH, Wallace C, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Voigt EA, Monaco CM, Gordon DE, Kasturi SP, Levit RD, Gale M Jr, Vanderford TH, Silvestri G, Busman-Sahay K, Estes JD, Vaccari M, Douek DC, Sparrer KMJ, Johnson RP, Kirchhoff F, Schreiber G, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques. Sci Immunol. 2023 Jul 28;8(85):eadg0033. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0033. Epub 2023 Jul 28. PMID: 37506197.

Branche AR, Rouphael NG, Diemert DJ, Falsey AR, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey SE, Whitaker JA, Little SJ, Anderson EJ, Walter EB, Novak RM, Rupp R, Jackson LA, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Luetkemeyer AF, Immergluck LC, Presti RM, Bäcker M, Winokur PL, Mahgoub SM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Malkin E, Bethony JM, Walsh EE, Graciaa DS, Samaha H, Sherman AC, Walsh SR, Abate G, Oikonomopoulou Z, El Sahly HM, Martin TCS, Kamidani S, Smith MJ, Ladner BG, Porterfield L, Dunstan M, Wald A, Davis T, Atmar RL, Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Posavad CM, Meagher MA, Stephens DS, Neuzil KM, Abebe K, Hill H, Albert J, Telu K, Mu J, Lewis TC, Giebeig LA, Eaton A, Netzl A, Wilks SH, Türeli S, Makhene M, Crandon S, Montefiori DC, Makowski M, Smith DJ, Nayak SU, Roberts PC, Beigel JH; COVAIL Study Group. Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial. Nat Med. 2023 Sep;29(9):2334-2346. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02503-4. Epub 2023 Aug 28. PMID: 37640860; PMCID: PMC10504073.

Mackman RL, Kalla RV, Babusis D, Pitts J, Barrett KT, Chun K, Du Pont V, Rodriguez L, Moshiri J, Xu Y, Lee M, Lee G, Bleier B, Nguyen AQ, O'Keefe BM, Ambrosi A, Cook M, Yu J, Dempah KE, Bunyan E, Riola NC, Lu X, Liu R, Davie A, Hsiang TY, Dearing J, Vermillion M, Gale M Jr, Niedziela-Majka A, Feng JY, Hedskog C, Bilello JP, Subramanian R, Cihlar T. Discovery of GS-5245 (Obeldesivir), an Oral Prodrug of Nucleoside GS-441524 That Exhibits Antiviral Efficacy in SARS-CoV-2-Infected African Green Monkeys. J Med Chem. 2023 Sep 14;66(17):11701-11717. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00750. Epub 2023 Aug 19. PMID: 37596939.

Dalmat RR, Hao L, Prabhu R, Rechkina E, Hamilton D, Ikuma MH, Bauer M, Gale M Jr, Cantera JL, Ball AS, Grant BD, Drain PK. Rapid antigen and antibody microfluidic immunofluorescence assays compared to culture, PCR, and laboratory reference tests: Performance in a longitudinal cohort. J Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 18;228(8):1066-1070. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad231. PMID: 37353225.

Hedskog C, Rodriguez L, Roychoudhury P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Hao L, Ireton RC, Li J, Perry JK, Han D, Camus G, Greninger AL, Gale M Jr, Porter DP. Viral Resistance Analyses From the Remdesivir Phase 3 Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-1 (ACTT-1). J Infect Dis. 2023 Nov 2;228(9):1263-1273. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad270. PMID: 37466213 PMCID: PMC10629708.

Fisher BS, Fancher KA, Gustin AT, Fisher C, Wood MP, Gale M Jr, Burwitz BJ, Smedley J, Klatt NR, Derby N, Sodora DL. Liver Bacterial Dysbiosis With Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria Occurs in SIV-Infected Macaques and Persists During Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol. 2022 Jan 10;12:793842. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793842. PMID: 35082782; PMCID: PMC8784802.

Walsh ES, Tollison TS, Brochu HN, Shaw BI, Diveley KR, Chou H, Law L, Kirk AD, Gale M Jr, Peng X. Single-Cell-Based High-Throughput Ig and TCR Repertoire Sequencing Analysis in Rhesus Macaques. J Immunol. 2022 Feb 1;208(3):762-771. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100824. PMID: 34987112; PMCID: PMC8820446.

Jing L, Wu X, Krist MP, Hsiang TY, Campbell VL, McClurkan CL, Favors SM, Hemingway L, Godornes C, Tong DQ, Selke S, LeClair AC, Pyo CW, Geraghty DE, Laing KJ, Wald A, Gale M Jr, Koelle DM. T cell response to intact SARS-CoV-2 includes coronavirus cross-reactive and variant-specific components. JCI Insight. 2022 Feb 8;7(6). doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.158126. PMID: 35133988.

Graham JB, Swarts JL, Edwards KR, Voss KM, Green R, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M Jr, Lund JM. Correlation of Regulatory T Cell Numbers with Disease Tolerance upon Virus Infection. Immunohorizons. 2021 Apr 23;5(4):157-169. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100009. PMID: 33893179

Jing L, Wu X, Krist MP, Hsiang TY, Campbell VL, McClurkan CL, Favors SM, Hemingway LA, Godornes C, Tong DQ, Selke S, LeClair AC, Pyo CW, Geraghty DE, Laing KJ, Wald A, Gale M Jr, Koelle DM. T cell response to intact SARS-CoV-2 includes coronavirus cross-reactive and variant-specific components. JCI Insight. 2022 Mar 22;7(6):e158126. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.158126. PMID: 35133988; PMCID: PMC8986086.

Andrisani O, Liu Q, Kehn P, Leitner WW, Moon K, Vazquez-Maldonado N, Fingerman I, Gale M Jr. Biological functions of DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2022 Mar;23(3):354-357. doi: 10.1038/s41590-022-01149-7. PMID: 35194205.

Villazana-Kretzer DL, Wuertz KM, Newhouse D, Damicis JR, Dornisch EM, Voss KM, Muruato AE, Paymaster JA, Schmiedecke SS, Edwards SM, Napolitano PG, Tisoncik-Go J, Ieronimakis N, Gale M Jr. ZIKV can infect human term placentas in the absence of maternal factors. Commun Biol. 2022 Mar 18;5(1):243. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03158-6. PMID: 35304593; PMCID: PMC8933440.

Montaño MA, Bemer MJ, Heller KB, Meisner A, Marfatia Z, Rechkina EA, Padgett LR, Ahls CL, Rains D, Hao L, Hsiang TY, Cangelosi GA, Greninger AL, Cantera JL, Golden A, Peck RB, Boyle DS, Gale M Jr, Drain PK. Performance of anterior nares and tongue swabs for nucleic acid, Nucleocapsid, and Spike antigen testing for detecting SARS-CoV-2 against nasopharyngeal PCR and viral culture. Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Apr;117:287-294. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.009. Epub 2022 Feb 9. PMID: 35149246; PMCID: PMC8827388.

Graham JB, Swarts JL, Edwards KR, Voss KM, Green R, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M Jr, Lund JM. Correlation of Regulatory T Cell Numbers with Disease Tolerance upon Virus Infection. Immunohorizons. 2021 Apr 23;5(4):157-169. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100009. PMID: 33893179

Elyanow R, Snyder TM, Dalai SC, Gittelman RM, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Wald A, Selke S, Wener MH, Morishima C, Greninger AL, Gale M Jr, Hsiang TY, Jing L, Holbrook MR, Kaplan IM, Zahid HJ, May DH, Carlson JM, Baldo L, Manley T, Robins HS, Koelle DM. T-cell receptor sequencing identifies prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates with neutralizing antibodies and disease severity. JCI Insight. 2022 Apr 19;7(10). doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.150070. PMID: 35439166.

Rodda LB, Morawski PA, Pruner KB, Fahning ML, Howard CA, Franko N, Logue J, Eggenberger J, Stokes C, Golez I, Hale M, Gale M Jr, Chu HY, Campbell DJ, Pepper M. Imprinted SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocytes define hybrid immunity. Cell. 2022 Apr 28;185(9):1588-1601.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.018. Epub 2022 Mar 17. PMID: 35413241; PMCID: PMC8926873.

Hunt AC, Case JB, Park YJ, Cao L, Wu K, Walls AC, Liu Z, Bowen JE, Yeh HW, Saini S, Helms L, Zhao YT, Hsiang TY, Starr TN, Goreshnik I, Kozodoy L, Carter L, Ravichandran R, Green LB, Matochko WL, Thomson CA, Vögeli B, Krüger A, VanBlargan LA, Chen RE, Ying B, Bailey AL, Kafai NM, Boyken SE, Ljubetič A, Edman N, Ueda G, Chow CM, Johnson M, Addetia A, Navarro MJ, Panpradist N, Gale M Jr, Freedman BS, Bloom JD, Ruohola-Baker H, Whelan SPJ, Stewart L, Diamond MS, Veesler D, Jewett MC, Baker D. Multivalent designed proteins neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and confer protection against infection in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2022 May 25;14(646):eabn1252. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn1252. Epub 2022 May 25. PMID: 35412328; PMCID: PMC9258422.

Olson RM, Gornalusse G, Whitmore LS, Newhouse D, Tisoncik-Go J, Smith E, Ochsenbauer C, Hladik F, Gale M Jr. Innate immune regulation in HIV latency models. Retrovirology. 2022 Jul 8;19(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12977-022-00599-z. PMID: 35804422; PMCID: PMC9270781.

Martinez MA, Chen TY, Choi H, Hwang M, Navarathna D, Hao L, Gale M Jr, Camus G, Ramirez HE, Jinadatha C. Extended Remdesivir Infusion for Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 29;9(8):ofac382. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac382. PMID: 36039098; PMCID: PMC9384609.

Hawman DW, Meade-White K, Clancy C, Archer J, Hinkley T, Leventhal SS, Rao D, Stamper A, Lewis M, Rosenke R, Krieger K, Randall S, Khandhar AP, Hao L, Hsiang TY, Greninger AL, Gale M Jr, Berglund P, Fuller DH, Rosenke K, Feldmann H, Erasmus JH. Replicating RNA platform enables rapid response to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and elicits enhanced protection in naïve hamsters compared to ancestral vaccine. EBioMedicine. 2022 Sep;83:104196. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104196. Epub 2022 Aug 4. PMID: 35932641; PMCID: PMC9349033.

Hale M, Netland J, Chen Y, Thouvenel CD, Smith KN, Rich LM, Vanderwall ER, Miranda MC, Eggenberger J, Hao L, Watson MJ, Mundorff CC, Rodda LB, King NP, Guttman M, Gale M, Abraham J, Debley JS, Pepper M, Rawlings DJ. IgM antibodies derived from memory B cells are potent cross-variant neutralizers of SARS-CoV-2. J Exp Med. 2022 Sep 5;219(9):e20220849. doi: 10.1084/jem.20220849. Epub 2022 Aug 8. Erratum in: J Exp Med. 2022 Sep 5;219(9): PMID: 35938988; PMCID: PMC9365875.

Hao L, Hsiang TY, Dalmat RR, Ireton R, Morton J, Stokes C, Netland J, Hale M, Thouvenel C, Wald A, Franko NM, Huden K, Chu H, Greninger A, Tilles S, Barrett LK, Van Voorhis WC, Munt J, Scobey T, Baric RS, Rawlings D, Pepper M, Drain PK, Gale M, Jr. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC neutralization and novel mAb reveal protection against Omicron. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Aug 16:2022.08.12.22278720. doi: 10.1101/2022.08.12.22278720. PMID: 36032965; PMCID: PMC9413723.

Malouli D, Gilbride RM, Wu HL, Hwang JM, Maier N, Hughes CM, Newhouse D, Morrow D, Ventura AB, Law L, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore L, Smith E, Golez I, Chang J, Reed JS, Waytashek C, Weber W, Taher H, Uebelhoer LS, Womack JL, McArdle MR, Gao J, Papen CR, Lifson JD, Burwitz BJ, Axthelm MK, Smedley J, Früh K, Gale M Jr, Picker LJ, Hansen SG, Sacha JB. Cytomegalovirus-vaccine-induced unconventional T cell priming and control of SIV replication is conserved between primate species. Cell Host Microbe. 2022 Sep 14;30(9):1207-1218.e7. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.013. Epub 2022 Aug 17. PMID: 35981532.

Kapur RP, Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M, Jr. Myelin Protein Zero Immunohistochemistry Is Not a Reliable Marker of Extrinsic Mucosal Innervation in Patients With Hirschsprung Disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2022 Jul-Aug;25(4):388-396. doi:10.1177/10935266211059395. Epub 2021 Dec 14. PMID: 34904460.

Li S, Mirlekar B, Johnson BM, Brickey WJ, Wrobel JA, Yang N, Song D, Entwistle S, Tan X, Deng M, Cui Y, Li W, Vincent BG, Gale M Jr, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Ting JP. STING-induced regulatory B cells compromise NK function in cancer immunity. Nature. 2022 Oct;610(7931):373-380. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05254-3. Epub 2022 Oct 5. PMID: 36198789.

Hoang TN, Viox EG, Upadhyay AA, Strongin Z, Tharp GK, Pino M, Nchioua R, Hirschenberger M, Gagne M, Nguyen K, Harper JL, Marciano S, Boddapati AK, Pellegrini KL, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Karunakaran KA, Roy M, Kirejczyk S, Curran EH, Wallace C, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Kasturi SP, Levit RD, Gale M Jr, Vanderford TH, Silvestri G, Busman-Sahay K, Estes JD, Vaccari M, Douek DC, Sparrer KMJ, Kirchhoff F, Johnson RP, Schreiber G, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Oct 24:2022.10.21.512606. doi: 10.1101/2022.10.21.512606. Update in: Sci Immunol. 2023 Jul 28;8(85):eadg0033. PMID: 36324810; PMCID: PMC9628196.

Wagoner J, Herring S, Hsiang TY, Ianevski A, Biering SB, Xu S, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Gale M Jr, Aittokallio T, Schiffer JT, White JM, Polyak SJ. Combinations of Host- and Virus-Targeting Antiviral Drugs Confer Synergistic Suppression of SARS-CoV-2. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Oct 3;10(5):e0333122. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03331-22. PMID: 36190406.

Li S, Mirlekar B, Johnson BM, Brickey WJ, Wrobel JA, Yang N, Song D, Entwistle S, Tan X, Deng M, Cui Y, Li W, Vincent BG, Gale M Jr, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Ting JP. STING-induced regulatory B cells compromise NK function in cancer immunity. Nature. 2022 Oct;610(7931):373-380. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05254-3. Epub 2022 Oct 5. PMID: 36198789; PMCID: PMC9875944.

Brochu H, Wang R, Tollison T, Pyo CW, Thomas A, Tseng E, Law L, Picker LJ, Gale M Jr, Geraghty DE, Peng X. Alternative splicing and genetic variation of mhc-e: implications for rhesus cytomegalovirus-based vaccines. Commun Biol. 2022 Dec 19;5(1):1387. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04344-2. PMID: 36536032; PMCID:PMC9762870.

Bhatraju PK, Morrell ED, Stanaway IB, Sathe NA, Srivastava A, Postelnicu R, Green R, Andrews A, Gonzalez M, Kratochvil CJ, Kumar VK, Hsiang TY, Gale M Jr, Anesi GL, Wyles D, Broadhurst MJ, Brett-Major D, Mukherjee V, Sevransky JE, Landsittel D, Hung C, Altemeier WA, Gharib SA, Uyeki TM, Cobb JP, Liebler JM, Crosslin DR, Jarvik GP, Segal LN, Evans L, Mikacenic C, Wurfel MM. Angiopoietin- Like4 Is a Novel Marker of COVID-19 Severity. Crit Care Explor. 2022 Dec 30;5(1):e0827. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000827. PMID: 36600780; PMCID: PMC9803343.

Davis MA, Voss K, Turnbull JB, Gustin AT, Knoll M, Muruato A, Hsiang TY, Dinnon Iii KH, Leist SR, Nickel K, Baric RS, Ladiges W, Akilesh S, Smith KD, Gale M Jr. A C57BL/6 Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Recapitulates Age- and Sex-Based Differences in Human COVID-19 Disease and Recovery. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Dec 25;11(1):47. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010047. PMID: 36679892; PMCID: PMC9860616.

Lee S, Goyal A, Perelson AS, Ishida Y, Saito T, Gale M Jr. Suppression of hepatitis B virus through therapeutic activation of RIG-I and IRF3 signaling in hepatocytes. iScience. 2021 Jan 4;24(1):101969. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101969. eCollection 2021 Jan 22. PMID: 33458618.

Schwerk J, Negash A, Savan R, Gale M Jr. Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2021 Feb 1;11(2):a036988. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036988. PMID: 32341066; PMCID: PMC7849348.

Leal JM, Huang JY, Kohli K, Stoltzfus C, Lyons-Cohen MR, Olin BE, Gale M Jr, Gerner MY. Innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes shape the generation of T cell responses during type I inflammation. Sci Immunol. 2021 Feb 12;6(56):eabb9435. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb943. PMID: 33579750.

Marchiano S, Hsiang TY, Khanna A, Higashi T, Whitmore LS, Bargehr J, Davaapil H, Chang J, Smith E, Ong LP, Colzani M, Reinecke H, Yang X, Pabon L, Sinha S, Najafian B, Sniadecki NJ, Bertero A, Gale M Jr*, Murry CE*. SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Impairing Electrical and Mechanical Function. Stem Cell Reports. 2021 Mar 9;16(3):478-492. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.008. Epub 2021 Feb 13. PMID: 33657418. *Corresponding authors.

Liu X, Ma Y, Voss K, van Gent M, Chan YK, Gack MU, Gale M Jr, He B.The herpesvirus accessory protein γ134.5 facilitates viral replication by disabling mitochondrial translocation of RIG-I. PLoS Pathog. 2021 Mar 26;17(3):e1009446. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009446. eCollection 2021 Mar. PMID: 33770145.

Addetia A, Lieberman NAP, Phung Q, Hsiang TY, Xie H, Roychoudhury P, Shrestha L, Loprieno MA, Huang ML, Gale M Jr, Jerome KR, Greninger AL. SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Disrupts Bidirectional Nucleocytoplasmic Transport through Interactions with Rae1 and Nup98. mBio. 2021 Apr 13;12(2):e00065-21. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00065-21. PMID: 33849972.

Graham JB, Swarts JL, Edwards KR, Voss KM, Green R, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M Jr, Lund JM. Correlation of Regulatory T Cell Numbers with Disease Tolerance upon Virus Infection. Immunohorizons. 2021 Apr 23;5(4):157-169. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100009. PMID: 33893179

Rathe JA, Hemann EA, Eggenberger J, Li Z, Knoll ML, Stokes C, Hsiang TY, Netland J, Takehara KK, Pepper M, Gale M Jr. SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays in Control and Unknown Populations Demonstrate the Necessity of Virus Neutralization Testing. J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 8;223(7):1120-1131. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa797. Erratum in: J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 16;224(4):741-745. PMID: 33367830; PMCID: PMC7798987.

Doria-Rose N, Suthar MS, Makowski M, O'Connell S, McDermott AB, Flach B, Ledgerwood JE, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Lin BC, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Widge AT, Edara VV, Anderson EJ, Lai L, Floyd K, Rouphael NG, Zarnitsyna V, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Beigel JH, Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Albert J, Kunwar P; mRNA-1273 Study Group. Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 10;384(23):2259-2261. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2103916. Epub 2021 Apr 6. PMID: 33822494.

Barrenäs F, Hansen SG, Law L, Driscoll C, Green RR, Smith E, Chang J, Golez I, Urion T, Peng X, Whitmore L, Newhouse D, Hughes CM, Morrow D, Randall KT, Selseth AN, Ford JC, Gilbride RM, Randall BE, Ainslie E, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Fast R, Bosche WJ, Axthelm MK, Fukazawa Y, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Fourati S, Sekaly RP, Lifson JD, Komorowski J, Kosmider E, Shao D, Song W, Edlefsen PT, Picker LJ, Gale M Jr. Interleukin-15 response signature predicts RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy. PLoS Pathog. 2021 Jul 6;17(7):e1009278. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009278. PMID: 34228762; PMCID: PMC8284654.

Soveg FW, Schwerk J, Gokhale NS, Cerosaletti K, Smith JR, Pairo-Castineira E, Kell AM, Forero A, Zaver SA, Esser-Nobis K, Roby JA, Hsiang TY, Ozarkar S, Clingan JM, McAnarney ET, Stone AE, Malhotra U, Speake C, Perez J, Balu C, Allenspach EJ, Hyde JL, Menachery VD, Sarkar SN, Woodward JJ, Stetson DB, Baillie JK, Buckner JH, Gale M Jr, Savan R. Endomembrane targeting of human OAS1 p46 augments antiviral activity. Elife. 2021 Aug 3;10:e71047. doi: 10.7554/eLife.71047. PMID: 34342578; PMCID: PMC8357416.

Burchill MA, Salomon MP, Golden-Mason L, Wieland A, Maretti-Mira AC, Gale M Jr, Rosen HR. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of T cells in chronic HCV infected patients dominated by DAA-induced interferon signaling changes. PLoS Pathog. 2021 Aug 9;17(8):e1009799. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009799. PMID: 34370798; PMCID: PMC8376199.

Pegu A, O'Connell S, Schmidt SD, O'Dell S, Talana CA, Lai L, Albert J, Anderson E, Bennett H, Corbett KS, Flach B, Jackson L, Leav B, Ledgerwood JE, Luke CJ, Makowski M, Nason MC, Roberts PC, Roederer M, Rebolledo PA, Rostad CA, Rouphael NG, Shi W, Wang L, Widge AT, Yang ES; Beigel JH, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Suthar MS, McDermott AB, Doria-Rose NA, Arega J, Beigel JH, Buchanan W, Elsafy M, Hoang B, Lampley R, Kolhekar A, Koo H, Luke C, Makhene M, Nayak S, Pikaart-Tautges R, Roberts PC, Russell J, Sindall E, Albert J, Kunwar P, Makowski M, Anderson EJ, Bechnak A, Bower M, Camacho-Gonzalez AF, Collins M, Drobeniuc A, Edara VV, Edupuganti S, Floyd K, Gibson T, Ackerley CMG, Johnson B, Kamidani S, Kao C, Kelley C, Lai L, Macenczak H, McCullough MP, Peters E, Phadke VK, Rebolledo PA, Rostad CA, Rouphael N, Scherer E, Sherman A, Stephens K, Suthar MS, Teherani M, Traenkner J, Winston J, Yildirim I, Barr L, Benoit J, Carste B, Choe J, Dunstan M, Erolin R, Ffitch J, Fields C, Jackson LA, Kiniry E, Lasicka S, Lee S, Nguyen M, Pimienta S, Suyehira J, Witte M, Bennett H, Altaras NE, Carfi A, Hurley M, Leav B, Pajon R, Sun W, Zaks T, Coler RN, Larsen SE, Neuzil KM, Lindesmith LC, Martinez DR, Munt J, Mallory M, Edwards C, Baric RS, Berkowitz NM, Boritz EA, Carlton K, Corbett KS, Costner P, Creanga A, Doria-Rose NA, Douek DC, Flach B, Gaudinski M, Gordon I, Graham BS, Holman L, Ledgerwood JE, Leung K, Lin BC, Louder MK, Mascola JR, McDermott AB, Morabito KM, Novik L, O'Connell S, O'Dell S, Padilla M, Pegu A, Schmidt SD, Shi W, Swanson PA 2nd, Talana CA, Wang L, Widge AT, Yang ES, Zhang Y, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Hughes T, Lu X, Pruijssers AJ, Stevens LJ, Posavad CM, Gale M Jr, Menachery V, Shi PY. Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science. 2021 Aug 12;373(6561):1372-1377. doi:10.1126/science.abj4176. PMID: 34385356.

Gustin AT, Thurman AR, Chandra N, Schifanella L, Alcaide M, Fichorova R, Doncel GF, Gale M Jr, Klatt NR. Recurrent bacterial vaginosis following metronidazole treatment is associated with microbiota richness at diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021. Sep 21;S0002-9378(21)01046-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.018. Online ahead of print; PMID: 34560047.

Helms L, Marchiano S, Stanaway IB, Hsiang TY, Juliar BA, Saini S, Zhao YT, Khanna A, Menon R, Alakwaa F, Mikacenic C, Morrell ED, Wurfel MM, Kretzler M, Harder JL, Murry CE, Himmelfarb J, Ruohola-Baker H, Bhatraju PK, Gale M Jr, Freedman BS. Cross-validation of SARS-CoV-2 responses in kidney organoids and clinical populations. J Clinical Invest. 2021 Dec 22:e154882. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.154882. PMID: 34767537

Burleigh K, Maltbaek JH, Cambier S, Green R, Gale M Jr, James RC, Stetson DB. Human DNA-PK activates a STING-independent DNA sensing pathway. Sci Immunol. 2020 Jan 24;5(43). pii: eaba4219. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba4219. PubMed PMID: 31980485.

Manuzak JA, Zevin AS, Cheu R, Richardson B, Modesitt J, Hensley-McBain T, Miller C, Gustin AT, Coronado E, Gott T, Fang M, Cartwright M, Wangari S, Agricola B, May D, Smith E, Hampel HB, Gale M, Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Smedley J, Klatt NR. Antibiotic-induced microbiome perturbations are associated with significant alterations to colonic mucosal immunity in rhesus macaques. Mucosal Immunol. 2020 May;13(3):471-480. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0238-1. Epub 2019 Dec 4. Erratum in: Mucosal Immunol. 2020 Feb 24;: PMID: 31797911; PMCID: PMC7183431.

Raehtz KD, Barrenäs F, Xu C, Busman-Sahay K, Valentine A, Law L, Ma D, Policicchio BB, Wijewardana V, Brocca-Cofano E, Trichel A, Gale M Jr, Keele BF, Estes JD, Apetrei C, Pandrea I. African green monkeys avoid SIV disease progression by preventing intestinal dysfunction and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Mar 2;16(3):e1008333. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008333. PubMed PMID: 32119719.

Gorini G, Fourati S, Vaccari M, Rahman MA, Gordon SN, Brown DR, Law L, Chang J, Green R, Barrenäs F, Liyanage NPM, Doster MN, Schifanella L, Bissa M, Silva de Castro I, Washington-Parks R, Galli V, Fuller DH, Santra S, Agy M, Pal R, Palermo RE, Tomaras GD, Shen X, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Venzon DJ, Trinh HV, Rao M, Gale M Jr, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Engagement of monocytes, NK cells, and CD4+ Th1 cells by ALVAC-SIV vaccination results in a decreased risk of SIVmac251 vaginal acquisition. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Mar 12;16(3):e1008377. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008377. PubMed PMID: 32163525.

Graham JB, Swarts JL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Schäfer A, Plante KS, Morrison CR, Voss KM, Green R, Choonoo G, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Immune Predictors of Mortality After Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection. J Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 2;221(6):882-889. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz531. PMID: 31621854; PMCID: PMC7107456.

Roby JA, Esser-Nobis K, Dewey-Verstelle EC, Fairgrieve MR, Schwerk J, Lu AY, Soveg FW, Hemann EA, Hatfield LD, Keller BC, Shapiro A, Forero A, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Savan R, Gale M Jr. Flavivirus Nonstructural Protein NS5 Dysregulates HSP90 to Broadly Inhibit JAK/STAT Signaling.  Cells, 2020 Apr. doi:10.3390/cells9040899 PubMed PMID:32272626

Kell AM, Hemann EA, Turnbull JB, Gale M Jr. RIG-I-like receptor activation drives type I IFN and antiviral signaling to limit Hantaan orthohantavirus replication. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Apr 24;16(4):e1008483. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008483. PubMed PMID: 32330200.

Schwerk J, Negash A, Savan R, Gale M Jr. Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Apr 27;11(2). doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036988. PubMed PMID: 32341066.

Brochu HN, Tseng E, Smith E, Thomas MJ, Jones AM, Diveley KR, Law L, Hansen SG, Picker LJ, Gale M Jr, Peng X.  Systematic Profiling of Full-Length Ig and TCR Repertoire Diversity in Rhesus Macaque through Long Read Transcriptome Sequencing.  J Immunol. 2020 Jun 15;204(12):3434-3444. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901256. Epub 2020 May 6.PMID: 32376650 

Skopelja-Gardner S, An J, Tai J, Tanaka L, Sun X, Hermanson P, Baum R, Kawasumi M, Green R, Gale M Jr, Kalus A, Werth VP, Elkon KB. The early local and systemic Type I interferon responses to ultraviolet B light exposure are cGAS dependent. Sci Rep. 2020 May 13;10(1):7908. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64865-w. PMID: 32404939; PMCID: PMC7220927.

Esser-Nobis K, Hatfield LD, Gale M Jr. Spatiotemporal dynamics of innate immune signaling via RIG-I-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):15778-15788. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921861117. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32571931; PMCID: PMC7354926.

Erasmus JH, Khandhar AP, O'Connor MA, Walls AC, Hemann EA, Murapa P, Archer J, Leventhal S, Fuller JT, Lewis TB, Draves KE, Randall S, Guerriero KA, Duthie MS, Carter D, Reed SG, Hawman DW, Feldmann H, Gale M Jr, Veesler D, Berglund P, Fuller DH. An Alphavirus-derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med. 2020 Aug 5;12(555):eabc9396. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc9396. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32690628; PMCID: PMC7402629.

Campbell VL, Nguyen L, Snoey E, McClurkan CL, Laing KJ, Dong L, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Roby JA, Gale M Jr, Stone M, Busch MP, Norris PJ, Koelle DM. Proteome-Wide Zika Virus CD4 T Cell Epitope and HLA Restriction Determination. Immunohorizons. 2020 Aug 4;4(8):444-453. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000068. PMID: 32753403.

Dou Y, Fatemi S, Darvas M, Gale M , Jr, Ladiges W. A Geroscience Approach to Preventing Pathologic Consequences of COVID-19. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2020 Sep;40(9):433-437. doi: 10.1089/jir.2020.29018.dou. Epub 2020 Aug 13. PMID: 32790488.

Fay EJ, Aron SL, Macchietto MG, Markman MW, Esser-Nobis K, Gale M Jr, Shen S, Langlois RA. Cell type- and replication stage-specific influenza virus responses in vivo. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Aug 13;16(8):e1008760. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008760. PMID: 32790753; PMCID: PMC7447048.

Reed SG, Tomai M, Gale MJ Jr. New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020 Oct 7;65:97-101. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.008. PMID: 33038865; PMCID: PMC7542129.

Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Widge AT, Jackson LA, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott AB, Flach B, Lin BC, Doria-Rose NA, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Corbett KS, Swanson PA 2nd, Padilla M, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Edara VV, Floyd K, Suthar MS, Martinez DR, Baric R, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Phadke VK, Rostad CA, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Beigel JH; mRNA-1273 Study Group. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults. N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 29;383(25):2427-2438. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2028436. PMID: 32991794; PMCID: PMC7556339.

Linsky TW, Vergara R, Codina N, Nelson JW, Walker MJ, Su W, Barnes CO, Hsiang TY, Esser-Nobis K, Yu K, Reneer ZB, Hou YJ, Priya T, Mitsumoto M, Pong A, Lau UY, Mason ML, Chen J, Chen A, Berrocal T, Peng H, Clairmont NS, Castellanos J, Lin YR, Josephson-Day A, Baric RS, Fuller DH, Walkey CD, Ross TM, Swanson R, Bjorkman PJ, Gale M Jr, Blancas-Mejia LM, Yen HL, Silva DA. De novo design of potent and resilient hACE2 decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020 Nov 5;370(6521):1208-1214. doi: 10.1126/science.abe0075. PMID: 33154107.

Akilesh S, Nicosia RF, Alpers CE, Tretiakova M, Hsiang TY, Gale M Jr, Smith KD. Characterizing Viral Infection by Electron Microscopy: Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Am J Pathol. 2020 Nov 20;191(2): 222-227. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.11.003. PMID: 33227297; PMCID: PMC7678435

Widge AT, Rouphael NG, Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott AB, Flach B, Lin BC, Doria-Rose NA, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Edara VV, Floyd K, Suthar MS, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Ledgerwood JE, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Beigel JH; mRNA-1273 Study Group. Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 7;384(1):80-82. doi: 10.1056, NEJM. Epub 2020 Dec 3. PMID: 33270381; PMCID: PMC7727324. 

Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Widge AT, Jackson LA, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott AB, Flach B, Lin BC, Doria-Rose NA, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Corbett KS, Swanson PA 2nd, Padilla M, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Edara VV, Floyd K, Suthar MS, Martinez DR, Baric R, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Phadke VK, Rostad CA, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Beigel JH; mRNA-1273 Study Group. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 17;383(25):2427-2438. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2028436. Epub 2020 Sep 29.PMID: 32991794; PMCID: PMC7556339.

Rodda LB, Netland J, Shehata L, Pruner KB, Morawski PA, Thouvenel CD, Takehara KK, Eggenberger J, Hemann EA, Waterman HR, Fahning ML, Chen Y, Hale M, Rathe J, Stokes C, Wrenn S, Fiala B, Carter L, Hamerman JA, King NP, Gale M Jr, Campbell DJ, Rawlings DJ, Pepper M. Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Memory Persists after Mild COVID-19. Cell. 2020 Nov 23;184(1):169-183.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.029. PMID: 33296701; PMCID: PMC7682481.

Linsky TW, Vergara R, Codina N, Nelson JW, Walker MJ, Su W, Barnes CO, Hsiang TY, Esser-Nobis K, Yu K, Reneer ZB, Hou YJ, Priya T, Mitsumoto M, Pong A, Lau UY, Mason ML, Chen J, Chen A, Berrocal T, Peng H, Clairmont NS, Castellanos J, Lin YR, Josephson-Day A, Baric RS, Fuller DH, Walkey CD, Ross TM, Swanson R, Bjorkman PJ, Gale M Jr, Blancas-Mejia LM, Yen HL, Silva DA. De novo design of potent and resilient hACE2 decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020 Dec 4;370(6521):1208-1214. doi: 10.1126/science.abe0075. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33154107; PMCID: PMC7920261.

Rathe JA, Hemann EA, Eggenberger J, Li Z, Knoll ML, Stokes C, Hsiang TY, Netland J, Takehara KK, Pepper M, Gale M Jr. SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays in Control and Unknown Populations Demonstrate the Necessity of Virus Neutralization Testing. J Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 25;223(7):1120-1131. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa797. PMID: 33367830.

Reed SG, Tomai M, Gale M. Jr. (2020) New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020 Aug;65:97-101. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.008. Epub 2020 Oct 8

Daniels BP, Kofman SB, Smith JR, Norris GT, Snyder AG, Kolb JP, Gao X, Locasale JW, Martinez J, Gale M Jr, Loo YM, Oberst A. The Nucleotide Sensor ZBP1 and Kinase RIPK3 Induce the Enzyme IRG1 to Promote an Antiviral Metabolic State in Neurons. Immunity. 2019 Jan 15;50(1):64-76.e4. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.11.017. Epub 2019 Jan 8. PubMed PMID: 30635240; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6342485.

Davis MA, Fairgrieve MR, Den Hartigh A, Yakovenko O, Duvvuri B, Lood C, Thomas WE, Fink SL, Gale M Jr. Calpain drives pyroptotic vimentin cleavage, intermediate filament loss, and cell rupture that mediates immunostimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Mar 12;116(11):5061-5070. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1818598116. Epub 2019 Feb 22. PubMed PMID: 30796192; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6421439.

Negash AA, Olson RM, Griffin S, Gale M Jr. Modulation of calcium signaling pathway by hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS Pathog. 2019 Feb 27;15(2):e1007593. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007593. eCollection 2019 Feb. PubMed PMID: 30811485; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6392285.

Ishida Y, Kakuni M, Bang BR, Sugahara G, Lau DT, Tateno-Mukaidani C, Li M, Gale M Jr, Saito T. Hepatic IFN-Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats Regulation of HCV Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2019 Mar;39(3):133-146. doi: 10.1089/jir.2018.0103. PubMed PMID: 30844328.

Aarreberg L, Esser-Nobis K, Driscoll C, Shuvarikov A, Roby J, Gale M Jr.  Interleukin-1B Induces mtDNA Release to Activate Innate Immune Signaling via cGAS-STING.  Molecular Cell 74, 1-15. 2019 May; doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.02.038

Esser-Nobis K, Aarreberg LD, Roby JA, Fairgrieve MR, Green R, Gale M Jr. Comparative analysis of African and Asian lineage-derived Zika Virus strains reveals differences in activation of and sensitivity to antiviral innate immunity. J Virol. 2019 Apr 24. pii: JVI.00640-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00640-19. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31019057.

Hensley-McBain T, Wu MC, Manuzak JA, Cheu RK, Gustin A, Driscoll CB, Zevin AS, Miller CJ, Coronado E, Smith E, Chang J, Gale M Jr, Somsouk M, Burgener AD, Hunt PW, Hope TJ, Collier AC, Klatt NR. Increased mucosal neutrophil survival is associated with altered microbiota in HIV infection. PLoS Pathog. 2019 Apr 11;15(4):e1007672. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007672. eCollection 2019 Apr. PubMed PMID: 30973942; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6459500.

Pattabhi S, Knoll ML, Gale M , Jr, Loo YM. DHX15 Is a Coreceptor for RLR Signaling That Promotes Antiviral Defense Against RNA Virus Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2019 Jun;39(6):331-346. doi: 10.1089/jir.2018.0163. Epub 2019 May 15. PubMed PMID: 31090472; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6590726.

Robbiani DF, Olsen PC, Costa F, Wang Q, Oliveira TY, Nery N Jr, Aromolaran A, do Rosário MS, Sacramento GA, Cruz JS, Khouri R, Wunder EA Jr, Mattos A, de Paula Freitas B, Sarno M, Archanjo G, Daltro D, Carvalho GBS, Pimentel K, de Siqueira IC, de Almeida JRM, Henriques DF, Lima JA, Vasconcelos PFC, Schaefer-Babajew D, Azzopardi SA, Bozzacco L, Gazumyan A, Belfort R Jr, Alcântara AP, Carvalho G, Moreira L, Araujo K, Reis MG, Keesler RI, Coffey LL, Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM, Dudley DM, Simmons HA, Mejia A, O'Connor DH, Steinbach RJ, Haese N, Smith J, Lewis A, Colgin L, Roberts V, Frias A, Kelleher M, Hirsch A, Streblow DN, Rice CM, MacDonald MR, de Almeida ARP, Van Rompay KKA,  Ko AI, Nussenzweig MC. Risk of Zika microcephaly correlates with features of maternal antibodies. J Exp Med. 2019 Aug 14;216(10):2302-2315.  doi: 10.1084/jem.20191061. PubMed PMID: 31413072.

Hemann EA, Green R, Turnbull JB, Langlois RA, Savan R, Gale M Jr. Interferon-λ modulates dendritic cells to facilitate T cell immunity during infection with influenza A virus. Nat Immunol. 2019 Jun 24;20(8):1035-1045. doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0408-z. PubMed PMID: 31235953.

Roe K, Giordano D, Young LB, Draves KE, Holder U, Suthar MS, Gale M Jr, Clark EA. Dendritic cell-associated MAVS is required to control West Nile virus replication and ensuing humoral immune responses. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 26;14(6):e0218928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218928. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31242236.

Amy E. L. Stone, Richard Green, Courtney Wilkins, Emily A. Hemann, Gale M Jr. RIG-I-like receptors direct inflammatory macrophage polarization against West Nile virus infection.  Nature Communications. 2019 Aug 13;10(1):3649. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11250-5. PubMed PMID: 31409781; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6692387.

Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz, Piper M. Treuting, Emily A. Hemann, Katharina Esser-Nobis, Annelise G. Snyder, Jessica B. Graham, Brian P. Daniels, Courtney Wilkins, Jessica M. Snyder, Kathleen M. Voss, Andrew Oberst, Jennifer Lund, Gale M Jr. STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection. PLO Pathogens. 2019, 2019 Aug 15;15(8):e1007899. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007899. eCollection 2019 Aug. PubMed PMID: 31415679; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6695101.

Forero A, Ozarkar S, Li H, Lee CH, Hemann EA, Nadjsombati MS, Hendricks MR, So L, Green R, Roy CN, Sarkar SN, von Moltke J, Anderson SK, Gale M Jr, Savan R. Differential Activation of the Transcription Factor IRF1 Underlies the Distinct Immune Responses Elicited by Type I and Type III Interferons. Immunity. 2019 Aug 27;51(3):451-464 e6. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.07.007. PubMed PMID: 31471108.

Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M Jr. Microglia in Memory Decline from Zika Virus and West Nile Virus Infection. Trends Neurosci. 2019 Sep 5;42(11):757-759. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.08.009. PubMed PMID: 31495452.

Nelson BR, Roby JA, Dobyns WB, Rajagopal L, Gale M Jr, Adams Waldorf KM. Immune Evasion Strategies Used by Zika Virus to Infect the Fetal Eye and Brain. Viral Immunol. 2019 Nov 5;33(1):22-37. doi: 10.1089/vim.2019.0082. PubMed PMID: 31687902.

Barrenas F, Raehtz K, Xu C, Law L, Green RR, Silvestri G, Bosinger SE, Nishida A, Li Q, Lu W, Zhang J, Thomas MJ, Chang J, Smith E, Weiss JM, Dawoud RA, Richter GH, Trichel A, Ma D, Peng X, Komorowski J, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Gale M Jr. Macrophage-associated wound healing contributes to African green monkey SIV pathogenesis control. Nat Commun. 2019 Nov 8;10(1):5101. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12987-9. PubMed PMID: 31704931; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6841668.

Schwerk J, Soveg FW, Ryan AP, Thomas KR, Hatfield LD, Ozarkar S, Forero A, Kell AM, Roby JA, So L, Hyde JL, Gale M Jr, Daugherty MD, Savan R. RNA-binding protein isoforms ZAP-S and ZAP-L have distinct antiviral and immune resolution functions. Nat Immunol. 2019 Dec;20(12):1610-1620. doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0527-6. Epub 2019 Nov 18. PubMed PMID: 31740798.

Chamcha V, Reddy PBJ, Kannanganat S, Wilkins C, Gangadhara S, Velu V, Green R, Law GL, Chang J, Bowen JR, Kozlowski PA, Lifton M, Santra S, Legere T, Chea LS, Chennareddi L, Yu T, Suthar MS, Silvestri G, Derdeyn CA, Gale M Jr, Villinger F, Hunter E, Amara RR. Strong T(H)1-biased CD4 T cell responses are associated with diminished SIV vaccine efficacy. Sci Transl Med. 2019 Nov 20;11(519). pii: eaav1800. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1800. PubMed PMID: 31748228.

Hahn WO, Butler NS, Lindner SE, Akilesh HM, Sather DN, Kappe SH, Hamerman JA,  Gale M Jr., Liles WC, Pepper M. cGAS-mediated control of blood-stage malaria promotes Plasmodium-specific germinal center responses. JCI Insight. 2018 Jan 25;3(2). pii: 94142. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.94142. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29367469.

Waldorf KMA, Nelson BR, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Studholme C, Kapur RP, Armistead B, Walker CL, Merillat S, Vornhagen J, Tisoncik-Go J, Baldessari A, Coleman M, Dighe MK, Shaw DWW, Roby JA, Santana-Ufret V, Boldenow E, Li J, Gao X, Davis MA, Swanstrom JA, Jensen K, Widman DG, Baric RS, Medwid JT, Hanley KA, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Durning WM, Thiel J, Gatenby C, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Hodge RD, Grant RF, Kuller L, Dobyns WB, Hevner RF, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L. Congenital Zika virus infection as a silent pathology with loss of neurogenic output in the fetal brain. Nat Med. 2018 Feb 5. doi: 10.1038/nm.4485.  [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29400709.

Bryan MA, Giordano D, Draves KE, Green R, Gale M Jr., Clark EA. Splenic macrophages are required for protective innate immunity against West Nile virus.  PLoS One. 2018 Feb 6;13(2):e0191690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191690. eCollection 2018. PubMed PMID: 29408905; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5800658.

Fisher BS, Green RR, Brown RR, Wood MP, Hensley-McBain T, Fisher C, Chang J, Miller AD, Bosche WJ, Lifson JD, Mavigner M, Miller CJ, Gale M Jr., Silvestri G, Chahroudi A, Klatt NR, Sodora DL. Liver macrophage-associated inflammation correlates with SIV burden and is substantially reduced following cART. PLoS Pathog. 2018 Feb 21;14(2):e1006871. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006871. eCollection 2018 Feb. PubMed PMID: 29466439; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5837102.

Mitchell T, MacDonald JW, Srinouanpranchanh S, Bammler TK, Merillat S, Boldenow E, Coleman M, Agnew K, Baldessari A, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Tisoncik-Go J, Green RR, Gale MJ Jr, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM.  Evidence of cardiac involvement in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome: disruption of gene networks programming cardiac development in nonhuman primates Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Apr;218(4):438.e1-438.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.01.009. Epub 2018 Feb 21.PMID: 29475580 

Lauren D. Aarreberg, Courtney Wilkins, Hilario J. Ramos, Richard Green, Michael A. Davis, Kwan Chow, Michael Gale, Jr.  Interleukin-1 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Induces Antiviral Interferon Responses.  doi: 10.1128/mBio.00342-1820 March 2018 mBio vol. 9 no. 2e00342-18

Chow KT, Gale M Jr., Loo YM. RIG-I and Other RNA Sensors in Antiviral Immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2018 Apr 26;36:667-694. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053309. PubMed PMID: 29677479.

Athmer J, Fehr AR, Grunewald ME, Qu W, Wheeler DL, Graepel KW, Channappanavar R, Sekine A, Aldabeeb DS, Gale M Jr., Denison MR, Perlman S. Selective Packaging in Murine Coronavirus Promotes Virulence by Limiting Type I Interferon Responses. MBio. 2018 May 1;9(3). pii: e00272-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00272-18. PubMed PMID: 29717007; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5930304.

Walker CL, Merriam AA, Ohuma EO, Dighe MK, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L, Papageorghiou AT, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Adams Waldorf KM. Femur-Sparing Pattern of Abnormal Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women from New York City After Maternal Zika Virus Infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 May 5. pii: S0002-9378(18)30378-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.047. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29738748.

Strange DP, Green R, Siemann DN, Gale M Jr, Verma S. Immunoprofiles of human Sertoli cells infected with Zika virus reveals unique insights into host-pathogen crosstalk. Sci Rep. 2018 Jun 7;8(1):8702. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27027-7. PubMed PMID: 29880853; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5992156.

Gale M Jr. Looking Forward in Interferon and Cytokine Research: Defining Effector Genes of Interferon and Cytokine Actions. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2018 Jun;38(6):235. doi: 10.1089/jir.2018.29008.mgj. PubMed PMID: 29920132.

Dudley DM, Van Rompay KK, Coffey LL, Ardeshir A, Keesler RI, Bliss-Moreau E, Grigsby PL, Steinbach RJ, Hirsch AJ, MacAllister RP, Pecoraro HL, Colgin LM, Hodge T, Streblow DN, Tardif S, Patterson JL, Tamhankar M, Seferovic M, Aagaard KM, Martín CS, Chiu CY, Panganiban AT, Veazey RS, Wang X, Maness NJ, Gilbert MH, Bohm RP, Adams Waldorf KM, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L, Hotchkiss CE, Mohr EL, Capuano SV 3rd, Simmons HA, Mejia A, Friedrich TC, Golos TG, O'Connor DH. Miscarriage and stillbirth following maternal Zika virus infection in nonhuman primates. Nat Med. 2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0088-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29967348.

Green R, Ireton RC, Gale M Jr. Interferon-stimulated genes: new platforms and computational approaches. Mamm Genome. 2018 Jul 7. doi: 10.1007/s00335-018-9755-6. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 29982912.

Kumar M, Roe K, Orillo B, Muruve DA, Nerurkar VR, Gale M Jr, Verma S. Correction for Kumar et al., "Inflammasome Adaptor Protein Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing CARD (ASC) Is Critical for the Immune Response and Survival in West Nile Virus Encephalitis". J Virol. 2018 Jul 17;92(15). pii: e02176-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02176-17. Print 2018 Aug 1. PubMed PMID: 30018145.

Long ME, Gong KQ, Volk JS, Eddy WE, Chang MY, Frevert CW, Altemeier WA, Gale M Jr, Liles WC, Manicone AM. Matrix metalloproteinase 28 is regulated by TRIF- and type I IFN-dependent signaling in macrophages. Innate Immun. 2018 Aug 1:1753425918791024. doi: 10.1177/1753425918791024. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30068264.

O'Connor MA, Tisoncik-Go J, Lewis TB, Miller CJ, Bratt D, Moats CR, Edlefsen PT, Smedley J, Klatt NR, Gale M Jr, Fuller DH. Early cellular innate immune responses drive Zika viral persistence and tissue tropism in pigtail macaques.  Nat Commun. 2018 Aug 22;9(1):3371. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05826-w. PubMed PMID:  30135445; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6105614.

Walker CL, Little ME, Roby JA, Armistead B, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L, Nelson BR, Ehinger N, Mason B, Nayeri U, Curry CL, Adams Waldorf KM. Zika Virus and the Non-Microcephalic Fetus: Why We Should Still Worry. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug 29. pii: S0002-9378(18)30714-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.08.035. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 30171843.

Chow KT, Wilkins C, Narita M, Green R, Knoll M, Loo YM, Gale M Jr. Differential and Overlapping Immune Programs Regulated by IRF3 and IRF5 in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J Immunol. 2018 Oct 8. pii: ji1800221. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800221. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30297339.

Graham JB, Swarts JL, Thomas S, Voss KM, Sekine A, Green R, Ireton RC, Gale M Jr, Lund JM. Immune correlates of protection from West Nile virus neuroinvasion and disease. J Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 26. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy623. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30371803.

Chow KT, Driscoll C, Loo YM, Knoll M, Gale M Jr. IRF5 regulates unique subset of genes in dendritic cells during West Nile virus infection. J Leukoc Biol. 2018 Nov 20. doi: 10.1002/JLB.MA0318-136RRR. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30457675.

Francisco E, Suthar M, Gale M Jr, Rosenfeld AB, Racaniello VR. Cell-type specificity and functional redundancy of RIG-I-like receptors in innate immune sensing of Coxsackievirus B3 and encephalomyocarditis virus. Virology. 2018 Dec 11;528:7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.003. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30550976

Green R, Wilkins C, Ferris MT, Gale M Jr. (2017) RNA-Seq in the Collaborative Cross.  Methods Mol Biol. 251-263. PubMed PMID: 27933528.

Giugliano S, Petroff MG, Warren BD, Jasti S, Linscheid C, Ward A, Kramer A, Dobrinskikh E, Sheiko MA, Gale M Jr, Golden-Mason L, Winn VD, Rosen HR. (2017) Correction: Hepatitis C Virus Sensing by Human Trophoblasts Induces Innate Immune Responses and Recruitment of Maternal NK Cells: Potential Implications for Limiting Vertical Transmission. J Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601926.  PubMed PMID: 28069758.

Luo H, Winkelmann E, Xie G, Fang R, Peng BH, Li L, Lazear HM, Paessler S, Diamond MS, Gale M Jr, Barrett AD, Wang T. (2016) MAVS is essential for primary CD4+ T cell immunity but not for recall T cell responses following an attenuated West Nile virus infection. J Virol. pii: JVI.02097-16. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02097-16. PubMed PMID: 28077630.

Da Costa A, Garza E, Graham JB, Swarts JL, Soerens AG, Gale M, Lund JM. Extrinsic MAVS signaling is critical for Treg maintenance of Foxp3 expression following acute flavivirus infection. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 17;7:40720. doi: 10.1038/srep40720. PubMed PMID: 28094802; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5240555.

Gutierrez KD, Davis MA, Daniels BP, Olsen TM, Ralli-Jain P, Tait SW, Gale M Jr, Oberst A. (2017) MLKL Activation Triggers NLRP3-Mediated Processing and Release of IL-1β Independently of Gasdermin-D. J Immunol. 1;198(5):2156-2164. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601757. PubMed PMID: 28130493.

Daniels BP, Jujjavarapu H, Durrant DM, Williams JL, Green RR, White JP, Lazear HM, Gale M Jr, Diamond MS, Klein RS. (2017) Regional astrocyte IFN signaling restricts pathogenesis during neurotropic viral infection. J Clin Invest. 1;127(3):843-856. doi: 10.1172/JCI88720. PubMed PMID: 28134626.

Probst P, Grigg JB, Wang M, Muñoz E, Loo YM, Ireton RC, Gale M Jr, Iadonato SP, Bedard KM. (2017) A small-molecule IRF3 agonist functions as an influenza vaccine adjuvant by modulating the antiviral immune response. Vaccine. 2017 Mar 6. pii: S0264-410X(17)30118-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.053. PubMed PMID: 28279563.

Daniels BP, Snyder AG, Olsen TM, Orozco S, Oguin TH 3rd, Tait SW, Martinez J, Gale M Jr, Loo YM, Oberst A. RIPK3 Restricts Viral Pathogenesis via Cell Death-Independent Neuroinflammation. Cell. 2017 Mar 27. pii: S0092-8674(17)30290-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.011. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28366204.

Gorman JA, Hundhausen C, Errett JS, Stone AE, Allenspach EJ, Ge Y, Arkatkar T, Clough C, Dai X, Khim S, Pestal K, Liggitt D, Cerosaletti K, Stetson DB, James RG, Oukka M, Concannon P, Gale M Jr, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ. (2017) The A946T variant of the RNA sensor IFIH1 mediates an interferon program that limits viral infection but increases the risk for autoimmunity. Nat Immunol. Jul;18(7):744-752. doi: 10.1038/ni.3766. Epub 2017 May 29. PubMed PMID: 28553952.

Stone AEL, Gale MJ Jr. Beyond sensing: Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) continues to expand its antiviral effector functions. Hepatology. 2017 Jun;65(6):1792-1795. doi: 10.1002/hep.29161. Epub 2017 May 3. PubMed PMID: 28318042.

Green R, Wilkins C, Thomas S, Sekine A, Hendrick DM, Voss K, Ireton RC, Mooney M, Go JT, Choonoo G, Jeng S, de Villena FP, Ferris MT, McWeeney S, Gale M Jr. (2017) Oas1b-dependent Immune Transcriptional Profiles of West Nile Virus Infection in the Collaborative Cross. G3 (Bethesda). Jun 7;7(6):1665-1682. doi: 10.1534/g3.117.041624. PubMed PMID: 28592649.

Ireton RC, Wilkins C, Gale M Jr. RNA PAMPs as Molecular Tools for Evaluating RIG-I Function in Innate Immunity. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1656:119-129. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7237-1_6. PubMed PMID: 28808965

Chang MY, Kang I, Gale M Jr, Manicone AM, Kinsella MG, Braun KR, Wigmosta T, Parks WC, Altemeier WA, Wight TN, Frevert CW. Versican is produced by Trif- and type I interferon-dependent signaling in macrophages and contributes to fine control of innate immunity in lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2017 Dec 1;313(6):L1069-L1086. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2017. Epub 2017 Sep 14. PubMed PMID: 28912382; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5814701.

Burchill MA, Roby JA, Crochet N, Wind-Rotolo M, Stone AE, Edwards MG, Dran RJ, Kriss MS, Gale M Jr, Rosen HR. Rapid reversal of innate immune dysregulation in blood of patients and livers of humanized mice with HCV following DAA therapy. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 17;12(10):e0186213. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186213. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29040318; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5645093.

Li J, Baird MA, Davis MA, Tai W, Zweifel LS, Adams Waldorf KM, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L, Pierce RH, Gao X. Dramatic enhancement of the detection limits of bioassays via ultrafast deposition of polydopamine. Nat Biomed Eng. 2017;1. pii: 0082. doi: 10.1038/s41551-017-0082. Epub 2017 Jun 5. PubMed PMID: 29082104; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5654575.

Giordano D, Draves KE, Young LB, Roe K, Bryan MA, Dresch C, Richner JM, Diamond MS, Gale M Jr, Clark EA. Protection of mice deficient in mature B cells from West Nile virus infection by passive and active immunization. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Nov 27;13(11):e1006743. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006743.  PubMed PMID: 29176765

Hemann EA, Gale M Jr, Savan R. Interferon Lambda Genetics and Biology in Regulation of Viral Control. Front Immunol. 2017 Dec 6;8:1707. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01707. eCollection 2017. Review. PubMed PMID: 29270173; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5723907.

Renee Ireton, Courtney Wilkens, Gale, M. Jr. (2017) RNA PAMPS as molecular tools for evaluating RIG-I function in innate immunity. Springer, NY

Neufeldt CJ, Joyce MA, Van Buuren N, Levin A, Kirkegaard K, Gale M Jr, Tyrrell DL, Wozniak RW. (2016) The Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Membranous Web and Associated Nuclear Transport Machinery Limit Access of Pattern Recognition Receptors to Viral Replication Sites. PLoS Pathog. Feb 10;12(2):e1005428. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005428. eCollection 2016 Feb. PubMed PMID: 26863439; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4749181.

Green RR, Wilkins C, Pattabhi S, Dong R, Loo Y, Gale M Jr. (2016) Transcriptional analysis of antiviral small molecule therapeutics as agonists of the RLR pathway. Genom Data. 2016 Feb 1;7:290-2. doi: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.01.020. eCollection  Mar. PubMed PMID: 26981429; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4778670.

Wang F, Alain T, Szretter KJ, Stephenson K, Pol JG, Atherton MJ, Hoang HD, Fonseca BD, Zakaria C, Chen L, Rangwala Z, Hesch A, Chan ES, Tuinman C, Suthar MS, Jiang Z, Ashkar AA, Thomas G, Kozma SC, Gale M Jr, Fitzgerald KA, Diamond MS, Mossman K, Sonenberg N, Wan Y, Lichty BD. (2016)  S6K-STING interaction regulates cytosolic DNA-mediated activation of the transcription factor IRF3. Nat Immunol. May;17(5):514-22. doi: 10.1038/ni.3433. Epub 2016 Apr 4. PubMed PMID: 27043414.

Zhao J, Vijay R, Zhao J, Gale M Jr, Diamond MS, Perlman S. (2016) MAVS expressed by hematopoietic cells is critical for control of West Nile virus infection and pathogenesis. J Virol. May 25. pii: JVI.00707-16. PubMed PMID: 27226371.

Liu HM, Jiang F, Loo YM, Hsu S, Hsiang TY, Marcotrigiano J, Gale M Jr. (2016) Regulation of Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-I) Activation by the Histone Deacetylase 6. EBioMedicine. 2016 Jun 11. pii: S2352-3964(16)30259-6. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.015. PubMed PMID: 27372014.

Adams Waldorf KM, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Kapur RP, Studholme C, Boldenow E, Vornhagen J, Baldessari A, Dighe MK, Thiel J, Merillat S, Armistead B, Tisoncik-Go J, Green RR, Davis MA, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Gatenby JC, Richards T, Garden GA, Diamond MS, Juul SE, Grant RF, Kuller L, Shaw DW, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Hevner RF, Dobyns WB, Gale M Jr, Rajagopal L. (2016) Fetal brain lesions after subcutaneous inoculation of Zika virus in a pregnant nonhuman primate. Nat Med. doi: 10.1038/nm.4193. PubMedPMID: 27618651.

Graham JB, Swarts JL, Wilkins C, Thomas S, Green R, Sekine A, Voss KM, Ireton RC, Mooney M, Choonoo G, Miller DR, Treuting PM, Pardo Manuel de Villena F, Ferris MT, McWeeney S, Gale M Jr, Lund JM. (2016) A Mouse Model of Chronic West Nile Virus Disease. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Nov 2;12(11):e1005996. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005996. eCollection 2016 Nov. PubMed PMID: 27806117; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5091767.

Jarret A, McFarland AP, Horner SM, Kell A, Schwerk J, Hong M, Badil S, Joslyn RC, Baker DP, Carrington M, Hagedorn CH, Gale M Jr, Savan R. (2016) Hepatitis-C-virus-induced microRNAs dampen interferon-mediated antiviral signaling. Nat Med. 2016 Dec;22(12):1475-1481. doi: 10.1038/nm.4211. Epub 2016 Nov 14.PMID: 27841874.

Hong M, Schwerk J, Lim C, Kell A, Jarret A, Pangallo J, Loo YM, Liu S, Hagedorn CH, Gale M Jr, Savan R. (2016) Interferon lambda 4 expression is suppressed by the host during viral infection. J Exp Med. pii: jem.20160437. PubMed PMID: 27799623.

Green R, Wilkins C, Thomas S, Sekine A, Ireton RC, Ferris MT, Hendrick DM, Voss K, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Baric RS, Heise MT, Gale M Jr.  (2016) Transcriptional profiles of WNV neurovirulence in a genetically diverse Collaborative Cross population. Genom Data. 137-140. PubMed PMID: 27872814.

Green R, Wilkins C, Thomas S, Sekine A, Ireton RC, Ferris MT, Hendrick DM, Voss K, de Villena FP, Baric R, Heise M, Gale M Jr. (2016)  Identifying protective host gene expression signatures within the spleen during West Nile virus infection in the collaborative cross model. Genom Data. 114-117. PubMed PMID: 27843766.

Giugliano, S., Kriss, M., Golden-Mason, L., Dobrinkskik, E., Stone, A.E., Soto-Gutierrez, A., Mitchell, A., Khetani, S.R., Yamane, D., Stoddard, M., Li, H., Shaw, G.M., Edwards, M.G., Lemon, S.M., Gale, M. Jr., Shah, V.H., Rosen, H.R. (2015) Hepatitis C virus infection induces autocrine interferon signaling by human liver endothelial cells and release of exosomes, which inhibits viral replication. Gastroenterology. 148(2):392-402. PMID: 25447848

Horner, S.M., Wilkins, C., Badil, S., Iskarpatyoti, J., Gale, M. Jr. (2015) Proteomic Analysis of Mitochondrial-Associated ER Membranes (MAM) during RNA Virus Infection Reveals Dynamic Changes in Protein and Organelle Trafficking. PLoS One. 10(3):e0117963. PMCID: PMC4348417

Kell, A.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2015) RIG-I in RNA virus recognition. Virology. pii: S0042-6822(15)00063-X. PMID: 25749629 PMCID: PMC4424084

Chakrabarti, A., Banerjee, S., Franchi, L., Loo, Y-M., Gale, M. Jr., Núñez, G., Silverman, R.H. (2015) RNase L Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Viral Infections. Cell Host Microbe. 17(4):466-477. PMID: 25816776 PMCID: PMC4393362

Negash, A.A., Gale, M. Jr. (2015) Hepatitis regulation by the inflammasome signaling pathway. Immunological Reviews. 265(1):143-155. PMID: 25879290

Lazear, H.M., Daniels, B.P., Pinto, A.K., Huang, A.C., Vick, S.C., Doyle, S.E., Gale, M. Jr., Klein, R.S., Diamond, M.S. (2015) Interferon-λ restricts West Nile virus neuroinvasion by tightening the blood-brain barrier. Sci Transl Med. 7(284):284ra59. PMID: 25904743 PMCID: PMC4435724

Graham, J.B., Thomas, S., Swarts, J., McMillan, A.A., Ferris, M.T., Suthar, M.S., Treuting, P.M., Ireton, R., Gale, M. Jr., Lund, J.M. (2015) Genetic diversity in the collaborative cross model recapitulates human west Nile virus disease outcomes. MBio. 6(3): pii: e00493-15. PMID: 25944860 PMCID: PMC4436067

Altfeld, M., Gale, M. Jr. (2015) Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection. Nat Immunol. 16(6):554-562. PMID: 25988887

Errett, J.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2015) Emerging complexity and new roles for the RIG-I-like receptors in innate antiviral immunity. Virol Sin. 30(3): 163-73. PMID: 25997992

Gale, M. Jr., Horvath, C.M. (2015) Editorial Overview: Antiviral strategies. Curr Opin Virol. 12:v-vii. PMID: 26004174

Xu J, Mercado-López X, Grier JT, Kim WK, Chun LF, Irvine EB, Del Toro Duany Y, Kell A, Hur S, Gale M Jr, Raj A, López CB (2015) Identification of a Natural Viral RNA Motif That Optimizes Sensing of Viral RNA by RIG-I. MBio. 6;6(5). pii: e01265-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio. PMID: 26443454

Mäkelä SM, Österlund P, Westenius V, Latvala S, Diamond MS, Gale M Jr, Julkunen I. (2015)  RIG-I Signaling is Essential for Influenza B Virus-Induces Rapid Interferon Gene Expression. J Virol. 2015 Sep 16. pii: JVI.01576-15. PMID: 26378160

Nellimarla S, Baid K, Loo YM, Gale M Jr, (2015) Bowdish DM, Mossman KL. Class A Scavenger Receptor-Mediated Double-Stranded RNA Internalization is Independent of Innate Antiviral Signaling and Does not Require Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity. J Immunol. 2015 Oct 15;195(8):3858-65. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501028. Epub 2015 Sep 11. PMID: 26363049

Giugliano S, Petroff MG, Warren BD, Jasti S, Linscheid C, Ward A, Kramer A, Dobrinskikh E, Sheiko MA, Gale M Jr, Golden-Mason L, Winn VD, Rosen HR. (2015) Hepatitis C Virus Sensing by Human Trophoblasts Induces Innate Immune Responses and Recruitment of Maternal NK Cells: Potential Implications for Limiting Vertical Transmission. J Immunol. 2015 Oct 15;195(8):3737-47. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500409. Epub 2015 Sep 4. PMID: 26342030

Kell A, Stoddard M, Li H, Marcotrigiano J, Shaw GM, Gale M Jr. (2015) Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Recognition of Hepatitis C Virus Transmitted/Founder Variants by RIG-I Is Dependant on U-Core Length. J Virol. 2015 Nov 1;89(21):11056-68. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01964-15. Epub 2015 Aug 26. PMID: 26311867

Gale M Jr. (2015) Interfering with virus infection. J Immunol. 2015 Sep 1;195(5):1909-10. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501575. PMID: 26297789

Xu J, Mercado-López X, Grier JT, Kim WK, Chun LF, Irvine EB, Del Toro Duany Y, Kell A, Hur S, Gale M Jr, Raj A, López CB. (2015) Identification of a Natural Viral RNA Motif That Optimizes Sensing of Viral RNA by RIG-I. MBio. Oct 6;6(5):e01265-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01265-15. PubMed PMID: 26443454; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4611036.

Pattabhi S, Wilkins CR, Dong R1, Knoll ML, Posakony J, Kaiser S, Mire CE, Wang ML, Ireton RC, Geisbert TW, Bedard KM, Iadonato SP, Loo YM, Gale M Jr. Targeting innate immunity for antiviral therapy through small molecule agonists of the RLR pathway. (2015) J Virol. 2015 Dec 16. pii: JVI.02202-15. PMID: 26676770

Chow KT, Gale M Jr. (2015) Interferon Signaling. Cell. 2015 Dec 17;163(7):1808-1808.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.008. PMID: 26687364 

Hare DN, Collins SE, Mukherjee S, Loo YM, Gale M Jr, Janssen LJ, Mossman KL. (2015) Membrane perturbation-associated Ca2+ signalling and incoming genome sensing are required for the host response to low-level enveloped virus particle entry. J Virol. 2015 Dec 30. pii: JVI.02642-15. PMID: 26719279

Thomas, S., Gale, M. Jr. (2015) Mitochondria and antiviral immunity. In: Mitochondria and Cell Death Hockenberry, D., ed. Springer, NY

Brownell, J., Bruckner, J., Wagoner, J., Thomas, E., Loo, Y-M., Gale, M. Jr., Liang, T.J., Polyak, S.J. (2014) Direct, Interferon-Independent Activation of the CXCL10 Promoter by NF-κB and Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 during Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Virol. 88:1582-1590. PMID: 24257594 PMCID: PMC3911583

Ooi, E.L., Chan, S.T., Cho, N.E., Wilkins, C., Woodward, J., Li, M., Kikkawa, U., Tellinghuisen, T., Gale, M. Jr., Saito, T. (2014) Novel antiviral host factor, TNK1, regulates IFN signaling through serine phosphorylation of STAT1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:1909-1914. PMID: 24449862 PMCID: PMC3918791

Freed, E.O., Gale, M. Jr. (2014) Antiviral Innate Immunity: Editorial Overview. J Mol Biol. 426(6):1129-1132. PMID: 24462565

Spann, K.M., Loh, Z., Lynch, J.P., Ullah, A., Zhang, V., Baturcam, E., Werder, R.B., Khajornjiraphan, N., Rudd, P., Loo, Y-M., Suhrbier, A., Gale, M. Jr., Upham, J.W., Phipps, S. (2014) IRF-3, IRF-7, and IPS-1 Promote Host Defense against Acute Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Neonatal Mice. Am J Pathol. 184(6): 1795-17806. PMID: 24726644

Pinto, A.K., Ramos, H.J., Wu, X., Aggarwal, S., Shrestha, B., Gorma, M., Kim, K.Y., Suthar, M.S., Atkinson, J.P., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2014) Deficient IFN Signaling by Myeloid Cells Leads to MAVS-Dependent Virus-Induced Sepsis. PLoS Pathog. 10(4):e1004086. PMID: 24743949 PMCID: PMC3990718

Ireton, R.C., Gale, M. Jr. (2014) Pushing to a cure by harnessing innate immunity against hepatitis C virus. Antiviral Res. 108:156-164. PMID: 24907428

Zhao, J., Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Agnihothram, S.S., Fett, C., Zhao, J., Gale, M.J. Jr., Baric, R.S., Enjuanes, L., Gallagher, T., McCray, P.B., Jr., Perlman, S. (2014) Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111(13):4970-4975. PMID: 24599590 PMCID: PMC3977243

Hussmann, K.L., Vandergaast, R., Ochsner, S.P., Huang, A.C., Gale, M. Jr., Fredericksen, B.L. (2014) In vitro and in vivo characterization of a West Nile virus MAD78 infectious clone. Arch Virol. 159(11):3113-3118. PMID: 25023336 PMCID: PMC4200346

Thackray, L.B., Shrestha, B., Richner, J.M., Miner, J.J., Pinto, A.K., Lazear, H.M., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M. S. (2014) Interferon Regulatory Factor 5-Dependent Immune Responses in the Draining Lymph Node Protect against West Nile Virus Infection. J. Virol. 88(19):11007-11021. PMID: 25031348 PMCID: PMC4178807

Franchi, L., Eigenbrod, T., Munoz-Plannillo, R., Ozkurede, U., Kim, Y.G., Chakrabarti, A., Gale, M. Jr., Silverman, R.H., Colonna, M., Akira, S., Nunez, G. (2014) Cytosolic Double-Stranded RNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome via MAVS-Induced Membrane Permeabilization and K+ Efflux. J Immunol. 193(8): 4214-4222. PMID: 25225670 PMCID: PMC4185247

Stone, A.E., Mitchell, A., Brownell, J., Miklin, D.J., Golden-Mason, L., Polyak, S.J., Gale, M.J. Jr., Rosen, H.R. (2014) Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits interferon production by a human plasmacytoid dendritic cell line and dysregulates interferon regulatory factor-7 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 protein expression. PLoS One. 9(5):e95627. PMID: 24788809 PMCID: PMC4006833

Lau, D-T., Negash, A., Chen, J., Crochet, N., Sinha, M., Zhang, Y., Guedj, J., Holder, S., Saito, T., Lemon, S.M., Luxon, B.A., Perelson, A.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) Innate immune tolerance and the role of kupffer cells in differential response to interferon therapy among patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Gastroenterology. 144:402-413. PMID: 23123437 PMCID: PMC3822610

Wilkins, C., Woodward, J., Lau, D.T., Barnes, A., Joyce, M., McFarlane, N., Tyrrell, D.L., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) IFITM1 is a tight junction protein that inhibits hepatitis C virus entry. Hepatology. 57:461-469. PMID: 22996292 PMCID: PMC3566288

Wollish, A.C., Ferris, M.T., Blevins, L.K., Loo, Y-M., Gale, M. Jr., Heise, M.T. (2013) An attenuating mutation in a neurovirulent Sindbis virus strain interacts with the IPS-1 signaling pathway in vivo. Virology. 435:269-280. PMID: 23084425 PMCID: PMC3534923

Mateo, R., Nagamine, C.M., Spagnolo, J., Mendez, E., Rahe, M., Gale, M. Jr., Yuan, J., Kirkegaard, K. (2013) Inhibition of Cellular Autophagy Deranges Dengue Virion Maturation. J Virol. 87:1312-1321. PMID: 23175363 PMCID: PMC3554187

Lazear, H.M., Lancaster, A., Wilkins, C., Suthar, M.S., Huang, A., Vick, S.C., Clepper, L., Thackray, L., Brassil, M.M., Virgin, H.W., Nikolich-Zugich, J., Moses, A.V., Gale, M. Jr., Früh, K., Diamond, M.S. (2013) IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 Coordinately Regulate the Type I IFN Response in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Downstream of MAVS Signaling. PLoS Pathog. 9:e1003118. PMID: 23300459 PMCID: PMC3536698

Ma, D.Y., Suthar, M.S., Kasahara, S., Gale, M. Jr., Clark, E.A. (2013) CD22 is required for protection against West Nile Virus infection. J Virol. 87:3361-3375. PMID: 23302871 PMCID: PMC3592166

Kumar, M., Roe, K., Orillo, B., Muruve, D.A., Nerurkar, V.R., Gale, M. Jr., Verma, S. (2013) Inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) is critical for the immune response and survival in West Nile virus encephalitis. J Virol. 87:3655-3667 PMID: 23302887 PMCID: PMC3624239

Suthar, M.S., Diamond, M.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) West Nile virus infection and immunity. Nat Rev Microbiol. 11:115-128. PMID: 23321534

Wilkins, C., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) Sterol-izing Innate Immunity. Immunity. 38:3-5. PMID: 23352217

Ermler, M.E., Yerukhim, E., Schriewer, J., Schattgen, S., Traylor, Z., Wespiser, A.R., Caffrey, D.R., Chen, Z.J., King, C.H., Gale, M. Jr., Colonna, M., Fitzgerald, K.A., Buller, R.M., Hise, A.G. (2013) RNA helicase signaling is critical for type I interferon production and protection against Rift Valley Fever virus during mucosal challenge. J Virol.87:4846-4860. PMID: 23408632 PMCID: PMC3624317

Cho, H., Proll, S.C., Szretter, K.J., Katze, M.G., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2013) Differential innate immune response programs in neuronal subtypes determine susceptibility to infection in the brain by positive-stranded RNA viruses. Nat Med 19:458-464. PMID: 23455712 PMCID: PMC3618596

Suthar, M.S., Brassil, M.M., Blahnik, G., McMillan, A., Ramos, H.J., Proll, S.C., Belisle, S.E., Katze, M.G., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) A systems biology approach reveals that tissue tropism to West Nile virus is regulated by antiviral genes and innate immune cellular processes. PLoS Pathog. 9:e1003168. PMID: 23544010 PMCID: PMC3567171

Negash, A.A., Ramos, H.J., Crochet, N., Lau, D.T., Doehle, B., Papic, N., Delker, D.A., Bertoletti, A., Hagedorn, C.H., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) IL-1β Production through the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Hepatic Macrophages Links Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Liver Inflammation and Disease. PLoS Pathog. 9:e1003330. PMID: 23633957 PMCID: PMC3635973

Stone, A.E., Giugliano, S., Schnell, G., Cheng, L., Leahy, K.F., Golden-Mason, L., Gale, M. Jr., Rosen, H.R. (2013) Hepatitis C Virus Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Triggers Production of Lambda-Interferons by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. PLoS Pathog. 9:e1003316. PMID: 23637605 PMCID: PMC3630164

Li, J., Ding, S.C., Cho, H., Chung, B.C., Gale, M. Jr., Chanda, S.K., Diamond, M.S. (2013) A short hairpin RNA screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies a novel negative regulator of the cellular antiviral response. MBio. 4(3):1-11. PMID: 23781071 PMCID: PMC3684836

Horner, S.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus. Nat Med. 19(7):879-888. PMID: 23836238 PMCID: PMC4251871

Lazear, H.M., Pinto, A.K., Ramos, H.J., Vick, S.C., Shrestha, B., Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2013) Pattern recognition receptor MDA5 modulates CD8+ T cell-dependent clearance of West Nile virus from the central nervous system. J Virol. 87:11401-11415 PMID: 23966390 PMCID: PMC3807324

Errett, J.S., Suthar, M.S., McMillan, A., Diamond, M.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) The essential, non-redundant roles of RIG-I and MDA5 in detecting and controlling West Nile virus infection. J Virol. 87:11416-11425. PMID: 23966395 PMCID: PMC3807315

McFarland, A.P., Horner, S.M., Jarret, A., Joslyn, R.C., Bindewald, E., Shapiro, B.A., Delker, D.A., Hagedorn, C.H, Carrington, M., Gale, M. Jr., Savan, R. (2013) The favorable IFNL3 genotype escapes mRNA decay mediated by AU-rich elements and hepatitis C virus-induced microRNAs. Nat Immunol. 15:72-79. PMID: 24241692 PMCID: PMC4183367

Rustagi, A., Gale, M. Jr. (2013) Innate Antiviral Immune Signaling, Viral Evasion and Modulation by HIV-1. J Mol Biol. 426(6):1161-1177. PMID: 24326250

Polyak, S.J., Morshima, C., Scott, J.D., Cox, A., de Arujo, E.S., Higgs, M.R., Loo, Y-M, Golden-Mason, L., Lindenbach, B.D., Baumert, T.F., Randall, G., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) A summary of the 18th international symposium on hepatitis C virus and related viruses. Gastroenterology. 142:e1-5. PMID: 22185796

Benecke, A., Gale, M. Jr., Katze, M.G. (2012) Dynamics of innate immunity are key to chronic immune activation in AIDS. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS. 7:79-85 PMID: 22156845 PMCID: PMC4328998

Horner, S.M., Park, H.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Control of innate immune signaling and membrane targeting by the Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease are governed by the NS3 helix α-0. J. Virol. 86:3112-3120. PMID: 22238314 PMCID: PMC3302330

Gall, A., Treuting, P., Elkon, K.B., Loo, Y-M., Gale, M. Jr., Barber, G.N., Stetson, D.B. (2012) Autoimmunity initiates in nonhematopoietic cells and progresses via lymphocytes in an interferon-dependent autoimmune disease. Immunity. 36:120-131. PMID: 22284419 PMCID: PMC3269499

Patel, M.R., Loo, Y-M., Horner, S.M., Gale, M. Jr., Malik, H.S. (2012) Convergent evolution of escape from hepaciviral antagonism in primates. PLoS Biol. 10:e1001282. PMID: 22427742 PMCID: PMC3302847

Bedard, K.M., Wang, M.L., Proll, S.C., Loo, Y-M., Katze, M.G., Gale, M. Jr., Iadonato, S.P. (2012). Isoflavone agonists of IRF-3 dependent signaling have antiviral activity against RNA viruses. J. Virol. 86:7334-7344. PMID: 22532686 PMCID: PMC3416323

Suthar, M.S., Brassil, M.M., Blahnik, G., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Infectious clones of novel lineage 1 and lineage 2 West Nile virus strains WNV-TX02 and WNV-Madagascar. J. Virol. 86:7704-7709. PMID: 22573862 PMCID: PMC3416286

Szretter, K.J., Daniels, B.P., Cho, H., Gainey, M.D., Yokoyama, W.M., Gale, M. Jr., Virgin, H.W., Klein, R.S., Sen, G.C., Diamond, M.S. (2012) 2’-o Methylation of the viral mRNA cap by west nile virus evades ifit1-dependent and –independent mechanisms of host restriction in vivo. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002698. PMID: 22589727 PMCID: PMC3349756

Doehle, B.P., Chang, K., Rustagi, A., McNevin, J., McElrath, M.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Vpu mediates IRF3 depletion during HIV infection by a lysosomal-dependent mechanism. J. Virol. 86:8367-8374. PMID: 22593165 PMCID: PMC3421752

Liu, H.M., Loo, Y-M., Horner, S.M., Zornetzer, G.A., Katze, M.G., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) The Mitochondrial Targeting Chaperone 14-3-3ε Regulates a RIG-I Translocon that Mediates Membrane Association and Innate Antiviral Immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 11:528-537. PMID: 22607805 PMCID: PMC3358705

Doehle, B.P., Chang, K., Fleming, L., McNevin, J., Hladik, F., McElrath, M.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Vpu-deficient HIV Strains Stimulate Innate Immune Signaling Responses in Target Cells. J. Virol. 86:8499-8506. PMID: 22647704 PMCID: PMC3421769

Rustagi, A., Doehle, B.P., McElrath, M.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Two new monoclonal antibodies for biochemical and flow cytometric analyses of human interferon regulatory factor-3 activation, turnover, and depletion. Methods.59:225-232. PMID: 22705311 PMCID: PMC3568209

Diamond, M.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Cell-intrinsic innate immune control of West Nile virus infection. Trends Immunol. 33:522-530. PMID: 22726607 PMCID: PMC3461102

Rudd, P.A., Wilson, J., Gardner, J., Larcher, T., Babarit, C., Le, T.T., Anraku, I., Kumagai, Y., Loo, Y-M., Gale, M. Jr., Akira, S., Khromykh, A.A., Suhrbier, A. (2012) Interferon Response Factors 3 and 7 Protect against Chikungunya Virus Hemorrhagic Fever and Shock. J. Virol. 86:9888-9898 PMID: 22761364 PMCID: PMC3446587

Malur, M., Gale, M. Jr., Krug, R.M. (2012) LGP2 Downregulates Interferon Production During Infection By Seasonal Human Influenza A Viruses That Activate IRF3. J. Virol.86:10733-10738. PMID: 22837208 PMCID: PMC3457329

Suthar, M.S., Ramos, H.J., Brassil, M.M., Netland, J., Chappell, C.P., Blahnik, G., McMillan, A., Diamond, M.S., Clark, E.A., Bevan, M.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) The RIG-I-like Receptor LGP2 Controls CD8(+) T Cell Survival and Fitness. Immunity. 37:235-248. PMID: 22841161 PMCID: PMC3910444

Ireton, R.C., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Systems Biology Analyses to Define Host Responses to HCV Infection and Therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 363:143-167. PMID: 22903567

Schnell, G., Loo, Y-M., Marcotrigiano, J., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Uridine composition of the poly-U/UC tract of HCV RNA defines non-self-recognition by RIG-I. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002839. PMID: 22912574 PMCID: PMC3410852

Lee, H.C., Headley, M.B., Loo, Y-M., Berlin, A., Gale, M. Jr., Debley, J.S., Lukacs, N.W., Ziegler, S.F. (2012) Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is induced by respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells and promotes a type 2 response to infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 130:1187-1196 PMID: 22981788 PMCID: PMC4284103

Ramos, H.J., Lanteri, M.C., Blahnik, G., Negash, A., Suthar, M.S., Brassil, M.M., Sodhi, K., Treuting, P.M., Busch, M.P., Norris, P.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) IL-1β Signaling Promotes CNS-Intrinsic Immune Control of West Nile Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1003039. PMID: 23209411 PMCID: PMC3510243

Doehle, B.P., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of HCV and HIV: Common Themes for Chronic Viral Infection. In: Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity, Sambhara, S and Fujita, S. ed. Landes Bioscience. Austin, TX 

Horner, S.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2012) Regulation of Innate Innate Immunity and Interferon Defenses by Hepatitis C Virus. In: Chronic Hepatitis B and C Basic Science to Clinical Applications, Shih, C., Ed. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore

Luke, J.M., Simon, G.G., Söderholm, J., Errett, J.S., August, J.T., Gale, M. Jr., Hodgson, C.P., Williams, J.A. (2011) Coexpressed RIG-I Agonist Enhances Humoral Immune Response to Influenza DNA Vaccine. J. Virol. 85:1370-1383. PMID: 21106745 PMCID: PMC3020507

Szretter, K.J., Daffis, S., Patel, J., Suthar, M.S., Klein, R.S., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2010) The innate immune adaptor molecule MyD88 restricts West Nile virus replication and spread in neurons of the central nervous system. J. Virol. 84:12125-12138. PMID: 20881045 PMCID: PMC2976388

Faul, E.J., Wanjalla, C.N., Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Wirblich, C., Schnell, M.J. (2010) Rabies Virus Infection Induces Type I Interferon Production in an IPS-1 Dependent Manner While Dendritic Cell Activation Relies on IFNAR Signaling. PLoS Pathog. 6:e1001016. PMID: 20661430 PMCID: PMC2908622

Liu, H.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2010) Hepatitis C Virus Evasion from RIG-I-Dependent Hepatic Innate Immunity. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2010:548390. PMID: 21274284 PMCID: PMC3026989

Giordano, D., Li, C., Suthar, M.S., Draves, K.E., Ma, D.Y., Gale, M. Jr., Clark, E.A. (2011) Nitric oxide controls an inflammatory-like Ly6ChiPDCA1+ DC subset that regulates Th1 immune responses. J. Leukoc Biol. 89:443-455. PMID: 21178115 PMCID: PMC3040463

Liu, H.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) ZAPS electrifies RIG-I signaling. Nat. Immunol.12:37-44. PMID: 21169998

Harman, A.N., Lai, J., Turville, S., Samarajiwa, S., Gray, L., Marsden, V., Mercier, S., Jones, K., Nasr, N., Rustagi, A., Cumming, H., Donaghy, H., Mak, J., Gale, M. Jr., Churchill, M., Hertzog, P., Cunningham, A.L. (2011) HIV infection of dendritic cells subverts the interferon induction pathway via IRF1 and inhibits type 1 interferon production. Blood. 118(2):298-308. PMID: 21411754 PMCID: PMC4123420

Lazear, H.M., Pinto, A.K., Vogt, M.R., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2011) Beta interferon controls West Nile virus infection and pathogenesis in mice. J. Virol. 85(14):7186-7194. PMID: 21543483 PMCID: PMC3126609

Loo, Y-M., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) Immune Signaling by RIG-I-like Receptors. Immunity. 34:680-692. PMID: 21616437 PMCID: PMC3177755

Jiang, F., Ramanathan, A., Miller, M., Tang, G-Q., Gale, M, Patel, S., Marcotrigiano, J. (2011) Structural basis of RNA recognition and activation by innate immune receptor RIG-I. Nature. PMID: 21947008 PMCID: PMC3430514

Ireton, R.C., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) RIG-I Like receptors in antiviral immunity and therapeutic applications. Viruses. 6:906-919. PMID: 21994761 PMCID: PMC3185779

Horner, S.M., Liu, H.M., Park, H.S., Briley, J., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) Mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) form innate immune synapses and are targeted by hepatitis C virus. PNAS. 108(35):14590-14595. PMID: 21844353 PMCID: PMC3167523

Ramos, H.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) RIG-I like receptors and their signaling crosstalk in the regulation of antiviral immunity. Curr. Opin. in Virology. 1:167-176. PMID: 21949557 PMCID: PMC3177754

Brien, J.D., Daffis, S., Lazear, H.M., Cho, H., Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2011) Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 (IRF-1) Shapes Both Innate and CD8 T Cell Immune Responses against West Nile Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog. 7:e1002230 PMID: 21909274 PMCID: PMC3164650

Perwitasari, O., Cho, H., Diamond, M.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) Inhibitor of κB Kinase ε, STAT1 Protein, and IFIT2 Protein Define Novel Innate Immune Effector Pathway against West Nile Virus Infection. J. Biol. Chem. 286:44412-44423. PMID: 22065572 PMICD: PMC3247963

Gale, M. Jr. (2011) Targeting Innate Immunity for HCV Antiviral Therapy. In Hepatitis C: Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development, pp 371-385

Liu, H.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2011) Hepatitis C Virus Regulation of Interferon Antiviral Defences. In Viruses and Interferon Current Research, pp 215-234

Suthar, M.S., Ma, D.Y., Thomas, S., Lund, J.M., Zhang, N., Daffis, S., Rudensky, A.Y., Bevan, M.J., Clark, E.A., Kaja, M.K., Diamond, M.S., and Gale, M. Jr. (2010) IPS-1 is essential for the control of West Nile virus infection and immunity. PLoS Pathogens, 6:e1000757. PMID: 20140199 PMCID: PMC2816698

Yuan, H.J., Jain, M., Snow, K.K., Gale, M. Jr., Lee, W.M. (2010) Evolution of hepatitis C virus NS5A region in breakthrough patients during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy. J Viral Hepat. 17:208-216. PMID: 19656286 PMCID: PMC3189487

Wilkins, C., Gale, M. Jr. (2010) Recognition of viruses by cytoplasmic sensors. Curr Opin Immunol. 22:41-47. PMID: 20061127 PMCID: PMC3172156

Malathi, K., Saito, T., Crochet, N., Barton, D.J., Gale, M. Jr., Silverman, R.H. (2010) RNase L releases a small RNA from HCV RNA that refolds into a potent PAMP. RNA. 16:2108-2119. PMID: 20833746 PMCID: PMC2957051

Daffis, S., Szretter, K.J., Schriewer, J., Li, J., Youn, S., Errett, J., Lin, T.Y., Schneller, S., Zust, R., Dong, H., Thiel, V. Sen, G.C., Fensterl, V., Klimstra, W.B., Pierson, T.C., Buller, R.M., Gale, M. Jr., Shi, P.Y., Diamond, M.S. (2010) 2’-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members. Nature. 18:452-456. PMID: 21085181 PMCID: PMC3058805

Wilkins, C. and Gale, M. Jr. (2010) Recognition of viruses by cytoplasmic sensors. Current Opinion Immunol., pp 41-47

Lanford, R.E., Evans, M.J., Lohmann, V., Lindenbach, B., Gale, M. Jr., Rehermann, B., Chang, K.M., Lemon, S.M. (2009) The accelerating pace of HCV research: a summary of the 15th International Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus And Related Viruses. Gastroenterology. 136:9-16. PMID: 19026648 PMCID: PMC4422396

Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Owen, D.M. (2009) Evasion and disruption of innate immune signaling by hepatitis C and West Nile viruses. Cell Microbiol. 11:880-888. PMID: 19341437

Owen, D.M. Gale, M. Jr. (2009) Fighting the flu with inflammasome signaling. Immunity. 30:476-478. PMID: 19371712

Owen, D.M., Huang, H., Ye, J., Gale, M. Jr. (2009) Apolipoprotein E on hepatitis C virion facilitates infection through interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptor. Virology. 394:99-108. PMID: 19751943 PMCID: PMC2767442

Doehle, B.P., Hladik, F., McNevin, J.P., McElrath, M.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2009) HIV-1 mediates global disruption of innate antiviral signaling and immune defenses within infected cells. J Virol. 83:10395-10405. PMID: 19706707 PMCID: PMC2753137

Saito, T., Gale, M. Jr. (2009) RIG-I mediated hepatic innate immune signaling that controls HCV infection; printed in Japanese. Uirusu. 58:105-115. PMID: 19374189

Jain, M.K., Yuan, H.J., Adams-Huet, B., Reeck, A., Shelton, J., Attar, N;, Zhang, S., Neumann, A.U., Carney, D.S., Gale, M. Jr., Lee, W.M. (2009) Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Promote Early Evolution of Nonstructural 5A Protein in Individuals with Hepatitis C Who Demonstrate a Response to Treatment. J Infect Dis. 200:866-876. PMID: 19673650 PMCID: PMC2951387

Horner, S.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2009) Intracellular innate immune cascades and interferon defenses that control hepatitis C virus. J Interferon and Cytokine Res. 29:489-498. PMID: 19708811 PMCID: PMC2956657

DeWitte-Orr, S.J., Mehta, D.R., Collins, S.E., Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Mossman, K.L. (2009) Long double-stranded RNA induces an antiviral response independent of IFN regulatory factor 3, IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1, and IFN. J Immunol. 183:6545-6553. PMID: 19864603 PMCID: PMC2885285

Daffis, S., Suthar, M.S., Szretter, K.J., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2009) Induction of IFN-beta and the innate antiviral response in myeloid cells occurs through an IPS-1-dependent signal that does not require IRF-3 and IRF-7. PLoS Pathogens. 5:e1000607. PMID: 19798431 PMCID: PMC2747008 

Daffis, S., Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2009) Measure and countermeasure: type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) antiviral response against West Nile Virus. J Innate Immun. 1:435-445. PMID: 20375601 PMCID: PMC2920482

Gale, M. Jr, Sen, G.C. (2009). Viral evasion of the interferon system. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 29:475-476. PMID: 19694549 PMCID: PMC3016867

Daffis, S., Suthar, M.S., Szretter, K.J., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2009) Induction of IFN-beta and the innate antiviral response in myeloid cells occurs through an IPS-1-dependent signal that does not require IRF-3 and IRF-7. PLoS Pathogens, 5:e1000607. PMID: 19798431 PMCID: PMC2747008

Chung, R.T., Gale, M. Jr., Polyak, S.J., Lemon, S.M., Liang, T. J., Hoofnagle, J.H. (2008) Mechanisms of action of interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 47:306-320. PMID: 18161743 PMCID: PMC2799164

Loo, Y.-M., Fornek, J., Crochet, N., Bajwa, G., Perwistasari, O., Martinez-Sobrido, L., Akira, S., Gill, M.A., García-Sastre, A., Katze, M.G. and Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Distinct RIG-I and MDA5 signaling by RNA viruses in innate immunity. J Virol. 82:335-345. PMID: 17942531 PMCID: PMC2224404

Fredericksen, B.L., Keller, B.C., Fornek, J., Katze, M.G., Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Establishment and maintenance of the innate antiviral response to West Nile Virus involves both RIG-I and MDA5 signaling through IPS-1. J. Virol. 82:609-616. PMID: 17977974 PMCID: PMC2224571

Saito, T., Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Regulation of innate immunity against hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res. 2008 38:115-122. PMID: 18021225

Lau, D.T.-Y., Fish, P.M., Sinha, M., Owen, D.M., Lemon, S.M, Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Interferon regulatory factor-3 activation, hepatic interferon-stimulated gene expression, and immune cell infiltration in hepatitis C virus patients. Hepatology. 47:799-809. PMID: 18203148

Takahasi, K., Yoneyama, M., Nishihori, T., Hirai, R., Kumeta, H., Narita, R., Inagaki, F., Gale, M., Jr., Fujita, T. (2008) Nonself RNA-sensing mechanism of RIG-I helicase and activation of antiviral immune responses. Mol. Cell. 29:428-440. PMID: 18242112

Davis, A.M., Hagan, K.A., Matthews, L.A., Bajwa, G., Gill, M.A., Gale M. Jr., Farrar, J.D. (2008)  Blockade of virus infection by human CD4+ T cells via a cytokine relay network.  J Immunol. 180:6923-6932. PMID: 18453613 PMCID: PMC2387070

Erickson, A.K., Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Regulation of interferon production and innate antiviral immunity through translational control of IRF-7. Cell Res. 18:433-435. PMID: 18385680

Daffis, S., Samuel, M.A., Suthar, M.S., Keller, B.C., Gale, M. Jr, Diamond, M.S. (2008) Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-7 induces the antiviral interferon (IFN)-a response and protects against lethal West Nile virus infection. J Virol. 82:8465-8475. PMID: 18562536 PMCID: PMC2519659

Saito, T., Owen, D.M., Jiang, F., Marcotrigiano, J. Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Innate immunity induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA. Nature. 454:523-527. PMID: 18548002 PMCID: PMC2856441

Saito, T., Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Differential recognition of double-stranded RNA by RIG-I-like receptors in antiviral immunity. J Exp Med. 205:1523-1527. PMID: 18591413 PMCID: PMC2442628

Erickson, A.K., Seiwert, S., Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Antiviral potency analysis and functional comparison of consensus interferon, interferon-alpha2a and pegylated interferon-alpha2b against hepatitis C virus infection. Antivir Ther. 2008;13:851-862. PMID: 19043919 PMCID: PMC2884366

Daffis, S., Samuel, M.A., Suthar, M.S., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2008) Toll-like receptor 3 has a protective role against West Nile virus infection. J Virol. 82:10349-10358. PMID: 18715906 PMCID: PMC2573187

Loo, Y.-M., Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Unveiling viral enablers. Nat. Biotechnol. 26:1093-1094. PMID: 18846077

Fredericksen, B. and Gale, M. Jr. (2008) Immune regulation by the Flaviviridae. In The Flaviviridae, S. Lemon and S. Garcia-Sastre eds. Horizon Press.

Wagoner, J., Austin, M., Green, J., Imaizumi, T., Casola, A., Brasier, A., Khabar, K.S., Wakita, T., Gale, M., Jr., Polyak, S.J. (2007) Regulation of CXCL-8 (interleukin-8) induction by dsRNA signaling pathways during hepatitis C virus infection. J. Virol 81:309-318. PMID: 17035306 PMCID: PMC1797246

Mibayashi, M., Marínez-Sobrido, L., Loo, Y.-M., Cárdenas, W.B., Basler, C., Gale, M. Jr., García-Sastre, A. (2007) Inhibition of retinoic acid-inducible gene I-mediated induction of beta interferon by the NS1 protein of influenza A virus. J. Virol. 81:514-524. PMID: 17079289 PMCID: PMC1797471

Saito, T., Hirai, R., Loo, Y.-M., Owen, D., Johnson, C.L., Sinha, S.C., Akira, S.C., Fujita, T., Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Regulation of innate antiviral defenses through a shared repressor domain in RIG-I and LGP2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:582-587. PMID: 17190814 PMCID: PMC1766428

Saito, T., Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Principles of intracellular viral recognition. Curr Opin Immunol. 19:17-23. PMID: 17118636

Johnson, C.L., Owen, D.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Functional and therapeutic analysis of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease control of antiviral immune defense. J Biol. Chem. 282:10792-10803. PMID: 17289677

Huang, H., Sun, F., Owen, D.M., Li, W., Chen, Y., Gale, M. Jr., Ye, J. (2007) Hepatitis C virus production by human hepatocytes dependent on assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:5848-5853. PMID: 17376867 PMCID: PMC1829327

Malathi, K., Dong, B., Gale, M. Jr., Silverman, R.H. (2007) Small self-RNA generated by RNase L amplifies antiviral innate immunity. Nature. 448:816-819. PMID: 17653195 PMCID: PMC3638316

Daffis, S., Samuel, M.A., Keller, B.C., Gale, M., Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2007) Cell-specific IRF-3 responses protect against West Nile virus infection by IFN-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PLoS Pathogens. 3:e106. PMID: 17676997 PMCID: PMC1933455

Keller, B.C., Johnson, C.L., Erickson, A.K., Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Innate immune evasion by hepatitis C virus and West Nile virus. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18:535-544. PMID: 17702639 PMCID: PMC2757293

Loo, Y.-M., Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Influenza: fatal immunity and the 1918 virus. Nature. 18:267-268 PMID: 17230179

Loo, Y.-M., Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Viral regulation and evasion of the host response. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 316:295-313. PMID: 17969453

Loo, Y.-M. and Gale, M. Jr. (2007) Viral regulation and evasion of the host response. In: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., pp 295-313.Pitha, P, ed. Elsevier 

Johnson, C.L., Gale M. Jr. (2006) CARD games between virus and host get a new player. Trends Immunol. 27:1-4. PMID: 16309964

Fredericksen, B.L., Gale, M. Jr. (2006) West Nile virus evades activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 through RIG-I-dependent and -independent pathways without antagonizing host defense signaling. J. Virol. 80:2913-2923. PMID: 16501100 PMCID: PMC1395472

Loo, Y.-M., Owen, D.M., Li, K., Erickson, A.K., Johnson, C.L., Fish, P.M., Carney, D.S., Wang, T., Ishida, H., Yoneyama, M., Fujita, T., Saito, T., Lee, W.M., Hagedorn, C.H., Lau, D.T.-Y., Weinman, S.A., Lemons S.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2006) Viral and therapeutic control of IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 during hepatitis C virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A., 103:6001-6006. PMID: 16585524 PMCID: PMC1458687

Cárdenas, W.B., Loo, Y.-M., Gale, M. Jr., Hartman, A.L., Kimberlin, C.R., Sobrido, L.-M., Saphire, E.O., Basler, C.F. (2006) Ebola virus VP35 protein binds double stranded RNA and inhibits alpha/beta interferon production induced by RIG-I signaling. J Virol. 80:5168-5178. PMID: 16698997 PMCID: PMC1472134

Samuel, M.A., Whitby, R., Keller, B.C., Marri, A., Barchet, W., Williams, B.R., Siliverman, R.H., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M.S. (2006) PKR and RNase L contribute to protection against lethal West Nile Virus infection by controlling early viral spread in the periphery and replication in neurons. J. Virol. 80:7009-7019. PMID: 16809306 PMCID: PMC1489062

Keller, B.C., Fredericksen, B.L., Samuel, M.A., Mock, R.E., Mason, P.W., Diamond, M.S., Gale, M. Jr. (2006) Resistance to alpha/beta interferon is a determinant of West Nile virus replication fitness and virulence. J. Virol. 80:9424-9434. PMID: 16973548 PMCID: PMC1617238

Chien ,Y., Kim, S., Bumeister, R., Loo, Y.-M., Kwon, S.W., Johnson, C.L., Balakireva, M.G., Romeo, Y., Kopelovich, L., Gale, M. Jr., Yeaman, C., Camonis, J.H., Zhao, Y., White M.A. (2006) RalB GTPase-mediated activation of the IkappaB family kinase TBK1 couples innate immune signaling to tumor cell survival. Cell. 127:157-170. PMID: 17018283

Carney, S. and Gale, M. Jr. (2006) Evasion of host defense by hepatitis C virus. In: Hepatitis C Virus: Genomes and Molecular Biology, Tan, S.-L., ed. Horizon Press.

Sumpter, R., Loo, Y.-M., Foy, E., Li, K., Yoneyama, M., Fujita, T., Lemon, S., Gale, M.J. Jr. (2005) Regulating intracellular antiviral defense and permissiveness to hepatitis C virus RNA replication through a cellular RNA helicase, RIG-I. J. Virol. 79:2689-2699. PMID: 15708988 PMCID: PMC548482

Foy, E., Li, K., Sumpter, R. Jr., Loo, Y.-M., Johnson, C.L., Wang, C., Fish, P.M., Yoneyama, M., Fujita, T., Lemon, S.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2005) Control of antiviral defenses through hepatitis C virus disruption of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:2986-2991. PMID: 15710892 PMCID: PMC549461

Gimenez-Barcons, M., Wang, C., Chen, M., Sanchez-Tapias. Saiz, Gale, M. Jr. (2005) The oncogenic potential of hepatitis C virus NS5A sequence variants associates with PKR regulation. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 25: 152-164. PMID: 15767789

Li, K., Foy, E., Ferron, J.C., Nakamura, M., Ferron, A.C., Ikeda, M., Ray, S.C., Gale M. Jr., Lemon, S. M. (2005) Immune evasion by hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease-mediated cleavage of the Toll-like receptor 3 adaptor protein TRIF. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:2992-2997. PMID: 15710891 PMCID: PMC548795

Xiang, J., Martinez-Smith, C., Gale, M. Jr., Chang, Q., LaBrecque, D.R., Schmidt, W.N., Stapleton, J.T. (2005) GB virus type C NS5A sequence polymorphisms: association with interferon susceptibility and inhibition of PKR-mediated eIF-2alpha phosphorylation. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 25: 261-270. PMID: 15871663

Li, K., Chen, Z., Kato, N., Gale M. Jr., Lemon, S. M. (2005) Distinct poly(I-C) and virus-activated signaling pathways leading to interferon-beta production in hepatocytes.J. Biol. Chem. 280:16739-16747. PMID: 15737993

Wang, C., Gale, M. Jr., Keller, B.C., Huang, H., Brown, M.S., Goldstein, J.L., Ye, J. (2005) Identification of FBL2 as a geranylgeranylated cellular protein required for hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Mol. Cell 18: 425-434. PMID: 15893726

Gale M. Jr., Foy, E.M. (2005) Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus. Nature 436: 939-945. PMID: 16107833

Lee, W.M., Polson, J.E., Carney, D.S., Sahin, B., Gale, M. Jr., (2005) Reemergence of hepatitis C virus after 8.5 years in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia: evidence for an occult viral reservoir. J. Infect. Dis. 192:1088-1092. PMID: 16107964

Yoneyama, M., Kikuchi, M., Matsumoto, K., Imaizumi, T., Miyagishi, M., Taira, K., Foy, E., Loo, Y.M., Gale, M. Jr., Akira, S., Yonehara, S., Kato, A., Fujita, T. (2005) Shared and unique functions of the DExD/H-box helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in antiviral innate immunity. J Immunol. 175:2851-2858. PMID: 16116171

Foy, E., Li, K., Sumpter, R. Jr., Loo, Y.M., Johnson, C.L., Wang, C., Fish, P.M., Yoneyama, M., Fujita, T., Lemon, S.M., Gale, M. Jr. (2005) Control of antiviral defenses through hepatitis C virus disruption of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 102:2986-2991. PMID: 15710892

Fredericksen, B.L., Smith, M., Katze, M.G., Shi, P.-Y., Gale, M. Jr. (2004) The host response to West Nile Virus infection limits viral spread through the activation of the IRF-3 pathway. J. Virol. 78:7737-7747. PMID: 15220448 PMCID: PMC434084

Miller, K., McArdle, S., Gale, M.J. Jr., Geller, D.A., Tenoever, B., Hiscott, J., Gretch, D.R. Polyak, S.J. (2004) Effects of the hepatitis C virus core protein on innate cellular defense pathways. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 24:391-402. PMID: 15296650

Sumpter, R. Jr., Wang, C., Loo, Y.-M., Gale, M. Jr. (2004) Viral evolution and interferon resistance of hepatitis C virus replication in a cell culture model. J. Virol. 78:11591-11604. PMCID: PMC523295

Tan, S.-L., He, Y., Huan, Y., Gale, M. Jr. (2004) Strategies for hepatitis C therapeutic intervention: now and next. Current Opin. Pharmacol. 4:465-470. PMID: 15351350

He, Y., Yam, W., Coito, C., Li, Y., Gale M. Jr., and Katze, M.G. (2003) The regulation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome-entry site-mediated translation by HCV replicons and nonstructural proteins. J. Gen. Virol. 84:535-543. PMID: 12604803

Wang, C., Pflugheber, J., Sumpter, R. Jr., Sodora, D.L., Hiu, D., Sen, G.C., and Gale, M. Jr. (2003). Alpha interferon induces distinct translational control programs to suppress hepatitis C virus RNA replication. J. Virol. 77:3898-3912. PMID: 12634350 PMCID: PMC150642

Gale, M. Jr. (2003) Effector genes of interferon action against hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 37:975-978. PMID: 12717377

Foy, E., Li, K. Wang, C. Sumpter, R. Jr.,. Ikeda, M., Gale, M. Jr. (2003). Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease. Science 300:1145-1148. PMID: 12702807

Ye, J., Wang, C., Sumpter R. Jr., Brown, M.S., Goldstein, J.L. Gale, M. Jr. (2003) Disruption of hepatitis C virus RNA replication through inhibition of host protein geranylgeranylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:15865-15870. PMID: 14668447 PMCID: PMC307659

Pflugheber, J., Fredericksen, B., Sumpter, R. Jr., Wang, C., Ware, F., Sodora, D. L., Gale, M. Jr. (2002)
Regulation of PKR and IRF-1 during hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 4650-
4655. PMID: 11904369 PMCID: PMC123702

Fredericksen, B., Akkaraju, G.R., Foy, E., Wang, C., Pflugheber, J., Chen, Z.J., Gale, M. Jr. (2002) Activation of
the interferon-beta promoter during hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Viral Immunol. 15: 29-40 PMID: 11952144

Ladiges, W. Morton, J. Hopkins, H., Wilson, R., Filley, G., Ware, C., Gale, M. (2002) Expression of human PKR
protein kinase in transgenic mice. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22:329-334. PMID: 12034040

Yan, W., Gale, M. J., Jr., Tan, S.-L., Katze, M G. (2002) Inactivation of the PKR protein kinase and stimulation
of mRNA translation by the cellular co-chaperone P58 IPK does not required J domain function. Biochemistry 41:
4938-4945. PMID: 11939789

Gale, M. Jr., Blakely, C.M., Darveau, A., Romano, P.R., Korth, M.J., Katze, M.G. (2002) P52rIPK regulates the
molecular cochaperone P58IPK to mediate control of the RNA-dependent protein kinase in response to
cytoplasmic stress. Biochemistry. 41:11878-11887. PMID: 12269832

Katze, M.G., He, Y., Gale, M. Jr. (2002) Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy. Nature Reviews
Immunology. 2: 675-687. PMID: 12209136

Gale, M., Jr., Beard, M.R. (2001) Molecular clones of hepatitis C virus: applications to animal models. ILAR J.
42: 139-151. PMID: 11406716

Schneider, R., Agol, V.I., Andino, R., Bayard, F., Cavener, D.R., Chappell, S.A., Chen, J.J., Darlix, J.L., Dasgupta,
A., Donzé, O., Duncan, R., Elroy-Stein, O., Farabaugh, P.J., Filipowicz, W., Gale, M. Jr., Gehrke, L., Goldman,
E., Groner, Y., Harford, J.B., Hatzglou, M., He, B., Hellen, C.U., Hentze, M.W., Hershey, J., Hershey, P., Hohn,
T., Holcik, M., Hunter, C.P., Igarashi, K., Jackson, R., Jagus, R., Jefferson, L.S., Joshi, B., Kaempfer, R., Katze,
M., Kaufman, R.J., Kiledjian, M., Kimball, S.R., Kimchi, A., Kirkegaard, K., Koromilas, A.E., Krug, R.M., Kruys,
V., Lamphear, B.J., Lemon, S., Lloyd, R.E., Maquat, L.E., Martinez-Salas, E., Mathews, M.B., Mauro, V.P.,
Miyamoto, S., Mohr, I., Morris, D.R., Moss, E.G., Nakashima, N., Palmenberg, A., Parkin, N.T., Pe'ery, T.,
Pelletier, J., Peltz, S., Pestova, T.V., Pilipenko, E.V., Prats, A.C., Racaniello, V., Read, G.S., Rhoads, R.E.,
Richter, J.D., Rivera-Pomar, R., Rouault, T., Sachs, A., Sarnow, P., Scheper, G.C., Schiff, L., Schoenberg, D.R.,
Semler, B.L., Siddiqui, A., Skern, T., Sonenberg, N., Sossin, W., Standart, N., Tahara, S.M., Thomas, A.A.,
Toulmé, J.J., Wilusz, J., Wimmer, E., Witherell, G., Wormington, M. (2001) New ways of initiating translation in
eukaryotes. Mol Cell Biol. 21:8238-8246. PMID: 11710333 PMCID: PMC99989

Ladiges, W., Morton, J., Blakely, C., Gale, M. (2000) Tissue specific expression of PKR protein kinase in aging
B6D2F1 mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 2000 114:123-32. PMID: 10799709

Gale, M. Jr., Tan, S.L., Katze, M.G. (2000) Translational control of viral gene expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:239-280. PMID: 10839817 PMCID: PMC98994

Tan, S.L, Gale, M. Jr. and Katze, M.G. (2000) Translational reprogramming during influenza virus infection. In: Translation control of gene expression, Sonenberg, N., Hershey, J., and Mathews, M., ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Benveniste, R.E., Morton, W.R., Clark, E.A., Tsai, C.-C., Ochs, H.D., Ward, J.M., Kuller, L., Knott, W.B., Hill, R.W., Gale, M.J., Thouless, M.M. (1988) Innoculation of baboons and macaques with simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV/Mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. J. Virol. 62:2091-2101. PMID: 3285032 PMCID: PMC253301

Morton, W.R., Kuller, L., Benveniste, R.E., Clark, E.A., Tsai, C.C., Gale, M.J., Thouless, M.E., Overbaugh, J., Katze, M.G. (1989) Transmission of the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmne in macaques and baboons. J Med Primatol. 18:237-245. PMID: 2547959

Ginsberg, A.H., Gale, M.J. Jr., Rose, L.M., Clark, E.A. (1989) T-cell alterations in late postpoliomyelitis. Arch Neurol. 46:497-501. PMID: 2785378

Gallatin, W.M., Gale M.J. Jr., Hoffman, P.A., Willerford, D.M., Draves, K.E., Benveniste, R.E., Morton, W.R., Clark, E.A. (1989) Selective replication of simian immunodefeciency virus in a subset of CD4+ lymphocytes. Proc. Nat. Adac. Sci. U.S.A. 86:3301-3305. PMID: 2470099 PMCID: PMC287119

Kuller, L., Morton, W.R., Benveniste, R.E., Tsai, C.C., Clark, E.A., Gale, M.J., Hu, S.L., Thouless, M.E., Katze, M.G. (1990) Inoculation of Macaca fascicularis with simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmne immunologic, serologic, and pathologic changes. J Med Primatol. 19:367-380. PMID: 2231689

Willerford, D.M., Gale, M.J. Jr., Benveniste R.E., Clark E.A., Gallatin W.M. (1990) Simian immunodeficiency virus is restricted to a subset of blood CD4+ lymphocytes that includes memory cells. J. Immunol. 144:3779-3783. PMID: 1970593

Gale, M.J. Jr., Ledbetter, J.A., Schieven, G.L., Jonker, M., Morton, W.R., Benveniste, R.E., Clark, E.A. (1990) CD4 and CD8 T cells from SIV-infected macaques have defective signaling responses after perturbation of either CD3 or CD2 receptors. J. Internat. Immunol. 2:849-858. PMID: 1980619

Axberg, I., Gale, M.J. Jr., Afar, B., Clark, E.A. (1991) Characterization of T-cell subsets and T-cell receptor subgroups in pigtailed macaques using two- and three-color flow cytometry. J Clin Immunol. 11(4):193-204. PMID: 1680874

Agy, M.B., Foy, K., Gale, M.J., Benveniste, R.E., Clark, E.A., Katze, M.G. (1991). Viral and cellular gene expression in CD4+ human lymphoid cell lines infected by the simian immunodefeciency virus SIV/Mne. J. Virol. 183:170-180. PMID: 1675822

Gale, M. Jr., Parsons, M. (1993). A Typanosoma brucei gene family encoding protein kinases with catalytic domains structurally related to Nek1 and NIMA. Mol Biochem Parasitol.. 59:111-121. PMID: 8515773

Gale M. Jr., Carter, V., Parsons, M. (1994) Cell cycle-specific induction of an 89 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase activity in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Sci. 107:1825-1832. PMID: 7527048 

Gale, M. Jr., Carter, V., Parsons, M. (1994) Translational control mediates the developmental regulation of the Trypanosoma brucei Nrk protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 31659-31665. PMID: 7989338

Das, A., Gale, M. Jr.., Carter, V., Parsons, M. (1994) The protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid induces defects in cytokinesis and organellar genome segregation in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Sci. 107: 3477-3483. PMID: 7706399

Gale, M. Jr., Tan, S.-L., Wambach, M., Katze, M.G. (1996) Interaction of the interferon-induced PKR protein kinase with inhibitory proteins P58^IPK and vaccinia virus K3L is mediated by unique domains: implications for kinase regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 4172-4181. PMID: 8754816 PMCID: PMC231414

Gale, M.J. Jr., Korth, M. J., Tang, N.M., Tan, S.-L., Hopkins, D.A., Dever, T.E., Polyak, S.J., Gretch, D.R. , Katze, M.G. (1997) Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein. Virology 230: 217-227. PMID: 9143277

Gale, M. Jr., Katze, M.G. (1997) What happens inside lentivirus or influenza virus infected cells: insights into regulation of cellular and viral protein synthesis. Methods. 11:383-401. PMID: 9126553

Gale, M. Jr., Katze, M.G. (1998) Molecular mechanisms of interferon resistance mediated by viral-directed inhibition of PKR, the interferon-induced protein kinase. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 78: 29-46. PMID: 9593328

Gale MJ Jr, Korth MJ, Katze MG. (1998) Repression of the PKR protein kinase by the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein: a potential mechanism of interferon resistance. Clin Diagn Virol. 1998 Jul 15;10(2-3):157-62. doi:10.1016/s0928-0197(98)00034-8. PMID: 9741641.

Gale, M. Jr., Blakely, C.M., Hopkins, D.A., Melville, M.W., Wambach, M., Romano, P.R., Katze, M.G. (1998) Regulation of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR: modulation of P58^IPK inhibitory function by a novel protein, P52^rIPK. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 859-871. PMID: 9447982 PMCID: PMC108797

Tan, S.-L., Gale, M.J. Jr., Katze, M.G. (1998) Double-stranded RNA-independent dimerization of interferon-induced protein kinase PKR and inhibition of dimerization by the cellular P58^IPK inhibitor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 2431-2443. PMID: 9566864 PMCID: PMC110623

Gale, M. Jr., Blakely, C.M, Kwieciszewski, B., Tan, S.-L., Dossett, M., Korth, M.J., Polyak, S.J., Gretch, D. R., Katze, M.G. (1998) Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol 18: 5208-5218. PMID: 9710605 PMCID: PMC109106

Gale, M.J. Jr., Korth, M.J., Katze, M.G. (1998) Repression of the PKR protein kinase by the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein: a potential mechanism of interferon resistance. Clin. Diagn. Virol. 10: 157-162. PMID: 9741641

Polyak, S.J., Paschal, D.M., McArdle, S., Gale, M.J. Jr., Moradpour, D., Gretch, D.R. (1999) Characterization of the effects of hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein expression in human cell lines and on interferon-sensitive virus replication. Hepatology. 29: 1262-1271. PMID: 10094974

Tang,N.M., Korth, M.J., Gale, M. Jr., Wambach, M., Der, S.D., Bandyopadhyay,S.K., Williams, B.R., Katze, M.G. (1999) Inhibition of double-stranded RNA- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated apoptosis by the tetratricopeptide repeat protein and cochaperone P58^IPK. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:4757-4765. PMID: 10373525 PMCID: PMC84274

Gale, M. Jr., Kwieciszewski, B., Dossett, M., Nakao, H., Katze, M.G. (1999) Antiapoptotic and oncogenic potentials of hepatitis C virus are linked to interferon resistance by viral repression of the PKR protein kinase.J. Virol. 73:6506-6516. PMID: 10400746 PMCID: PMC112733